Simon Langley-Evans

Nutrition, Health and Disease (eBook, PDF)

A Lifespan Approach

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Nutrition, Health and Disease Nutrition, Health and Disease In this newly revised third edition of Nutrition, Health and Disease, prominent researcher and Professor of Human Nutrition Simon Langley-Evans delivers an easy-to-read and student-friendly textbook on the changing demands for nutrients made by the body throughout the human lifespan. * Thorough introductions to lifespan nutrition, maternal nutrition prior to conception, pregnancy, and the relationship between fetal nutrition and disease later in life * Practical discussions of lactation and infant feeding, nutrition during childhood, nutrition during adolescence, and nutrition in the adult years * Detailed examination of contemporary evidence of the relationship between diet, body weight, and the major nutrition-related diseases: cancer, heart disease and diabetes * Exploration of vegetarian, vegan, and other alternative diets, as well as dieting for weight loss in adults, gender and nutrition, macro- and micronutrients, and a background on nutritional epidemiology * Access to an updated student companion website with additional resources Perfect for nutrition and dietetics students, as well as newly qualified nutrition and dietetics professionals, this foundational textbook will also earn a place on thebookshelves of other healthcare students and professionals who seek a one-stop reference on the impact that nutrition has on health and disease.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 416
• Erscheinungstermin: 2. August 2021
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119717539
• Artikelnr.: 62751657

Autorenporträt

Simon Langley-Evans is Head of the School of Biosciences and Professor of Human Nutrition in the Faculty of Science at the University of Nottingham, UK. He obtained his first degree in Biochemistry with Microbiology from Royal Holloway and Bedford New College; his PhD from the University of Southampton, and a DSc from the University of Nottingham. He is the author of over 200 peer-reviewed research papers and book chapters in the area of lifespan nutrition.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface ix

Acknowledgements x

Abbreviations xi

Glossary of terms used in this book xii

About the companion website xxiii

1 Introduction to lifespan nutrition 1

1.1 The lifespan approach to nutrition 1

1.2 The concept of balance 2

1.2.1 A supply and demand model 2

1.2.2 Overnutrition 3

1.2.3 Undernutrition 4

1.2.3.1 Increased demand 4

1.2.3.2 The metabolic response to trauma 4

1.2.3.3 Compromised supply and deficiency 6

1.2.3.4 Malnutrition 7

1.2.4 Classical balance studies 11

1.2.5 Overall nutritional status 12

1.3 The individual response to nutrition 12

1.3.1 Stage of the lifespan 13

1.3.2 Genetics 14

1.4 Personalized nutrition 17

1.5 Assessment of nutritional status 19

1.5.1 Anthropometric measures 19

1.5.2 Estimating dietary intakes 20

1.5.2.1 Indirect measures 20

1.5.2.2 Direct measures 21

1.5.3 Biomarkers of nutritional status 24

1.5.4 Clinical examination 25

1.6 Nutritional epidemiology: understanding diet-disease relationships 26

1.6.1 The importance of the evidence base 26

1.6.2 Nutritional epidemiology 26

1.6.3 Cause and effect 27

1.6.4 Bias and confounding 27

1.6.5 Quantifying the relationship between diet and disease 28

1.6.6 Study designs in nutritional epidemiology 29

1.6.6.1 Ecological studies 31

1.6.6.2 Cross-sectional studies 32

1.6.6.3 Case-control studies 33

1.6.6.4 Cohort studies 33

1.6.6.5 Randomized controlled trials 33

1.6.6.6 Systematic review and metaanalysis 34

1.6.6.7 Scoping reviews 34

1.7 Dietary reference values 35

1.7.1 The UK dietary reference values system 36

1.7.2 Dietary reference values in other countries 39

2 Before life begins 45

2.1 Introduction 45

2.2 Nutrition and female fertility 46

2.2.1 Determinants of fertility and infertility 46

2.2.1.1 The endocrine control of female reproduction 47

2.2.1.2 Disordered reproductive cycling 48

2.2.1.3 Polycystic ovary syndrome 48

2.2.2 Importance of body fat 50

2.2.3 Role of leptin 51

2.2.4 Antioxidant nutrients 53

2.2.5 Caffeine and alcohol 55

2.3 Nutrition and male fertility 56

2.3.1 Determinants of fertility and infertility 56

2.3.2 Obesity 60

2.3.3 Alcohol 61

2.3.4 Zinc 61

2.3.5 Antioxidant nutrients 62

2.3.6 Selenium 63

2.3.7 Phytoestrogens and environmental oestrogens 63

2.3.7.1 Phthalates 64

2.3.7.2 Phytoestrogens 64

2.3.7.3 Pesticides 65

2.4 Preparation for pregnancy 66

2.4.1 Why prepare for pregnancy? 66

2.4.2 Maternal weight management 66

2.4.3 Vitamin A and liver 66

2.4.4 Folic acid and neural tube defects 69

2.4.4.1 Supplementation with folic acid 71

2.4.4.2 Fortification with folic acid 71

3 Pregnancy 79

3.1 Introduction 79

3.2 Physiological demands of pregnancy 81

3.2.1 Maternal weight gain and body composition changes 81

3.2.2 Blood volume expansion and cardiovascular changes 82

3.2.3 Renal changes 83

3.2.4 Respiratory changes 83

3.2.5 Gastrointestinal changes 84

3.2.6 Metabolic adaptations 84

3.3 Nutrient requirements in pregnancy 85

3.3.1 Energy protein and lipid