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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 173. The ocean's meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is a key factor in climate change. The Atlantic MOC, in particular, is believed to play an active role in the regional and global climate variability. It is associated with the recent debate on rapid climate change, the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation (AMO), global warming, and Atlantic hurricanes. This is the first book to deal with all aspects of the ocean's large-scale meridional overturning circulation, and is a coherent presentation,…mehr
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 173. The ocean's meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is a key factor in climate change. The Atlantic MOC, in particular, is believed to play an active role in the regional and global climate variability. It is associated with the recent debate on rapid climate change, the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation (AMO), global warming, and Atlantic hurricanes. This is the first book to deal with all aspects of the ocean's large-scale meridional overturning circulation, and is a coherent presentation, from a mechanistic point of view, of our current understanding of paleo, present-day, and future variability and change. It presents the current state of the science by bringing together the world's leading experts in physical, chemical, and biological oceanography, marine geology, geochemistry, paleoceanography, and climate modeling. A mix of overview and research papers makes this volume suitable not only for experts in the field, but also for students and anyone interested in climate change and the oceans.
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Autorenporträt
Andreas Schmittner is a scientist interested in Earth's climate system as a whole. Most of his work is focussed on the oceans, their physics, biology, chemistry and variability on decadal to millennial time scales. He tries to understand the causes for today's global deep overturning circulation, how and why it has changed in the past, how it may change in the future due to natural or human influences, how it impacts climate, ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles including isotopes.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface Andreas Schmittner, John C. H. Chiang, and Sidney R. Hemming vii Section 1. Introduction Introduction: The Ocean's Meridional Overturning Circulation Andreas Schmittner, John C. H. Chiang, and Sidney R. Hemming 1 Discovery and Quantification of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: The Importance of 25°N Hannah R. Longworth and Harry L. Bryden 5 Section 2. Theory and Perspectives A Simple Theory of the Pycnocline and Overturning Revisited Anand Gnanadesikan, Agatha M. de Boer, and Bryan K. Mignone 19 Buoyancy-Driven Flow and Nature of Vertical Mixing in a Zonally Averaged Model Olivier Marchal, Charles Jackson, Johan Nilsson, André Paul, and Thomas F. Stocker 33 The Past and Future Ocean Circulation From a Contemporary Perspective Carl Wunsch 53 Section 3. Current State and Trend Present-Day Manifestation of the Nordic Seas Overflows Detlef Quadfasel and Rolf Käse 75 Circulation and Deep Water Export of the Subpolar North Atlantic During the 1990's Friedrich A. Schott and Peter Brandt 91 Strength and Variability of the Deep Limb of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation From Chlorofluorocarbon Inventories W. M. Smethie, Jr., Deborah A. LeBel, Rana A. Fine, Monika Rhein, and Dagmar Kieke 119 Section 4. Decadal to Centennial Variability Decadal to Centennial Variability of the Atlantic From Observations and Models Thomas L. Delworth, Rong Zhang, and Michael E. Mann 131 Decadal to Multidecadal Variability of the Atlantic MOC: Mechanisms and Predictability M. Latif, C. W. Böning, J. Willebrand, A. Biastoch, F. Alvarez-Garcia, N. Keenlyside, and H. Pohlmann 149 Section 5. Past States and Millennial Variability Is the Frequency of Abrupt Climate Change Modulated by the Orbital Insolation? J. A. Rial and M. Yang 167 14C Reservoir Ages Show Deglacial Changes in Ocean Currents and Carbon Cycle Michael Sarnthein, Pieter M. Grootes, James P. Kennett, and Marie-Josee Nadeau 175 Phasing of Millennial Climate Events and Northeast Atlantic Deep-Water Temperature Change Since 50 ka BP L. C. Skinner, H. Elderfield, and M. Hall 197 Mechanisms for an ~7-kyr Climate and Sea-Level Oscillation During Marine Isotope Stage 3 Peter U. Clark, Steven W. Hostetler, Nicklas G. Pisias, Andreas Schmittner, and Katrin J. Meissner 209 North Atlantic Intermediate Depth Variability During the Younger Dryas: Evidence From Benthic Foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL R30 Coupled Climate Model Rosemarie E. Came, William B. Curry, Delia W. Oppo, Anthony J. Broccoli, Ronald J. Stouffer, and Jean Lynch-Stieglitz 247 Section 6. Impact on Climate, Ecosystems, and Biogeochemical Cycles Musings About the Connection Between Thermohaline Circulation and Climate Wallace S. Broecker 265 Millennial-Scale Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Low-Latitude Precipation: Speleothem Evidence and Possible High-Latitude Forcing Xianfeng Wang, R. Lawrence Edwards, Augusto S. Auler, Hai Cheng, and Emi Ito 279 Adjustment of the Global Climate to an Abrupt Slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Wei Cheng, Cecilia M. Bitz, and John C.H. Chiang 295 Impact of the Ocean's Overturning Circulation on Atmospheric CO2 Andreas Schmittner, Edward J. Brook, and Jinho Ahn 315 Antarctic Stratification, Atmospheric Water Vapor, and Heinrich Events: A Hypothesis for Late Pleistocene Deglaciations Daniel M. Sigman, Agatha M. de Boer, and Gerald H. Haug 335 Section 7. Future Projections Response of the Meridional Overturning Circulation During Differing Pathways Toward Greenhouse Gas Stabilization F. O. Bryan, N. Nakashiki, Y. Yoshida, and K. Maruyama 351 Projected Strengthening of the Southern Ocean Winds: Some Implications for the Deep Ocean Circulation Oleg A. Saenko 365 Effect of the Greenland Ice-Sheet Melting on the Response and Stability of the AMOC in the Next Centuries Didier Swingedouw and Pascale Braconnot 383
Preface Andreas Schmittner, John C. H. Chiang, and Sidney R. Hemming vii Section 1. Introduction Introduction: The Ocean's Meridional Overturning Circulation Andreas Schmittner, John C. H. Chiang, and Sidney R. Hemming 1 Discovery and Quantification of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: The Importance of 25°N Hannah R. Longworth and Harry L. Bryden 5 Section 2. Theory and Perspectives A Simple Theory of the Pycnocline and Overturning Revisited Anand Gnanadesikan, Agatha M. de Boer, and Bryan K. Mignone 19 Buoyancy-Driven Flow and Nature of Vertical Mixing in a Zonally Averaged Model Olivier Marchal, Charles Jackson, Johan Nilsson, André Paul, and Thomas F. Stocker 33 The Past and Future Ocean Circulation From a Contemporary Perspective Carl Wunsch 53 Section 3. Current State and Trend Present-Day Manifestation of the Nordic Seas Overflows Detlef Quadfasel and Rolf Käse 75 Circulation and Deep Water Export of the Subpolar North Atlantic During the 1990's Friedrich A. Schott and Peter Brandt 91 Strength and Variability of the Deep Limb of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation From Chlorofluorocarbon Inventories W. M. Smethie, Jr., Deborah A. LeBel, Rana A. Fine, Monika Rhein, and Dagmar Kieke 119 Section 4. Decadal to Centennial Variability Decadal to Centennial Variability of the Atlantic From Observations and Models Thomas L. Delworth, Rong Zhang, and Michael E. Mann 131 Decadal to Multidecadal Variability of the Atlantic MOC: Mechanisms and Predictability M. Latif, C. W. Böning, J. Willebrand, A. Biastoch, F. Alvarez-Garcia, N. Keenlyside, and H. Pohlmann 149 Section 5. Past States and Millennial Variability Is the Frequency of Abrupt Climate Change Modulated by the Orbital Insolation? J. A. Rial and M. Yang 167 14C Reservoir Ages Show Deglacial Changes in Ocean Currents and Carbon Cycle Michael Sarnthein, Pieter M. Grootes, James P. Kennett, and Marie-Josee Nadeau 175 Phasing of Millennial Climate Events and Northeast Atlantic Deep-Water Temperature Change Since 50 ka BP L. C. Skinner, H. Elderfield, and M. Hall 197 Mechanisms for an ~7-kyr Climate and Sea-Level Oscillation During Marine Isotope Stage 3 Peter U. Clark, Steven W. Hostetler, Nicklas G. Pisias, Andreas Schmittner, and Katrin J. Meissner 209 North Atlantic Intermediate Depth Variability During the Younger Dryas: Evidence From Benthic Foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL R30 Coupled Climate Model Rosemarie E. Came, William B. Curry, Delia W. Oppo, Anthony J. Broccoli, Ronald J. Stouffer, and Jean Lynch-Stieglitz 247 Section 6. Impact on Climate, Ecosystems, and Biogeochemical Cycles Musings About the Connection Between Thermohaline Circulation and Climate Wallace S. Broecker 265 Millennial-Scale Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Low-Latitude Precipation: Speleothem Evidence and Possible High-Latitude Forcing Xianfeng Wang, R. Lawrence Edwards, Augusto S. Auler, Hai Cheng, and Emi Ito 279 Adjustment of the Global Climate to an Abrupt Slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Wei Cheng, Cecilia M. Bitz, and John C.H. Chiang 295 Impact of the Ocean's Overturning Circulation on Atmospheric CO2 Andreas Schmittner, Edward J. Brook, and Jinho Ahn 315 Antarctic Stratification, Atmospheric Water Vapor, and Heinrich Events: A Hypothesis for Late Pleistocene Deglaciations Daniel M. Sigman, Agatha M. de Boer, and Gerald H. Haug 335 Section 7. Future Projections Response of the Meridional Overturning Circulation During Differing Pathways Toward Greenhouse Gas Stabilization F. O. Bryan, N. Nakashiki, Y. Yoshida, and K. Maruyama 351 Projected Strengthening of the Southern Ocean Winds: Some Implications for the Deep Ocean Circulation Oleg A. Saenko 365 Effect of the Greenland Ice-Sheet Melting on the Response and Stability of the AMOC in the Next Centuries Didier Swingedouw and Pascale Braconnot 383
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