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The Odyssey is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a sequel to the Iliad, the other work ascribed to Homer. The poem is fundamental to the modern Western canon, and is the second oldest extant work of Western literature, the Iliad being the oldest. Scholars believe it was composed near the end of the 8th century BC, somewhere in Ionia, the Greek coastal region of Anatolia. The poem mainly focuses on the Greek hero Odysseus (known as Ulysses in Roman myths) and his journey home after the fall of Troy. It takes Odysseus ten years to reach Ithaca after the ten-year Trojan War. In his absence, it is assumed he has died, and his wife Penelope and son Telemachus must deal with a group of unruly suitors, the Mnesteres or Proci, who compete for Penelope's hand in marriage. It continues to be read in the Homeric Greek and translated into modern languages around the world. Many scholars believe that the original poem was composed in an oral tradition by an aoidos (epic poet/singer), perhaps a rhapsode (professional performer), and was more likely intended to be heard than read. The details of the ancient oral performance, and the story's conversion to a written work inspire continual debate among scholars. The Odyssey was written in a poetic dialect of Greek—a literary amalgam of Aeolic Greek, Ionic Greek, and other Ancient Greek dialects—and comprises 12,110 lines of dactylic hexameter. Among the most noteworthy elements of the text are its non-linear plot, and the influence on events of choices made by women and slaves, besides the actions of fighting men. In the English language as well as many others, the word odyssey has come to refer to an epic voyage.
Homer ist der erste namentlich bekannte Dichter der griechischen Antike. Er lebte vermutlich gegen Ende des 8. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. in den von Griechen kolonisierten Gebieten Kleinasiens und gilt als Schöpfer der ältesten Werke der abendländischen Literatur: der Ilias, der Odyssee und der Homerischen Hymnen. Schon in der Antike wurde über Homers Person und Herkunft diskutiert: Smyrna, Athen, Ithaka, Pylos, Kolophon, Argos und Chios beanspruchten, als sein Geburtsort zu gelten. Über sein Leben ist wenig Genaues bekannt. Die ersten sicheren literarischen Zeugen sind Pindar, Heraklit und Simonides. Wahrscheinlich zog er als fahrender Sänger (Rhapsode) von Hof zu Hof und trug seine Lieder und epischen Dichtungen dem adligen Publikum vor. Armut und Blindheit werden ihm zugeschrieben, seine Teilnahme am Sängerkrieg in Chalkis und sein Tod auf Ios bleiben Vermutung.
