Since this novel was published in 1846, this question has become one of the classic questions in Russian literature and thought. "Who's guilty?" It is Alexander Gertzen's novel masterpiece, and it is one of the mother Russian novels that shaped the entire art of the Russian novel at a time when the works of Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, and others had not yet appeared. It is an impressive social novel that monitors broad and different sectors of Russian society, and establishes the art of the psychological novel in which the Russians excelled. Geertzen's heroes are not distinctively good or evil, as much as they are people of their era. It is true that some of them commit severe moral crimes, but they take place within the context of the era, so they appear completely normal, to the point that the reader wonders: Was it possible for the character to behave in a different manner? The novel not only dealt with the social and political frameworks that led the characters to their fates, but also dealt with the inner worlds with precision and depth. Which helped transform the question "Who is guilty?" Along with other questions, such as "What is to be done?", it became the main topic of the works of Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky
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