On Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Vayssieres, Lionel

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

More energy from the sun strikes Earth in an hour than is consumed by humans in an entire year. Efficiently harnessing solar power for sustainable generation of hydrogen requires low-cost, purpose-built, functional materials combined with inexpensive large-scale manufacturing methods. These issues are comprehensively addressed in On Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology - an authoritative, interdisciplinary source of fundamental and applied knowledge in all areas related to solar hydrogen. Written by leading experts, the book emphasizes state-of-the-art materials and characterization techniques as well as the impact of nanotechnology on this cutting edge field. * Addresses the current status and prospects of solar hydrogen, including major achievements, performance benchmarks, technological limitations, and crucial remaining challenges * Covers the latest advances in fundamental understanding and development in photocatalytic reactions, semiconductor nanostructures and heterostructures, quantum confinement effects, device fabrication, modeling, simulation, and characterization techniques as they pertain to solar generation of hydrogen * Assesses and establishes the present and future role of solar hydrogen in the hydrogen economy * Contains numerous graphics to illustrate concepts, techniques, and research results On Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology is an essential reference for materials scientists, physical and inorganic chemists, electrochemists, physicists, and engineers carrying out research on solar energy, photocatalysis, or semiconducting nanomaterials, both in academia and industry. It is also an invaluable resource for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers as well as business professionals and consultants with an interest in renewable energy.

---

Dieser Download kann aus rechtlichen Gründen nur mit Rechnungsadresse in A, B, BG, CY, CZ, D, DK, EW, E, FIN, F, GR, HR, H, IRL, I, LT, L, LR, M, NL, PL, P, R, S, SLO, SK ausgeliefert werden.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 720
• Erscheinungstermin: 30. September 2010
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780470823989
• Artikelnr.: 37299560

Autorenporträt

Lionel Vayssieres is a senior researcher at theInternationalCenter for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) inTsukuba,Japan; a R&D consultant; and a guest scientist at the Chemical Sciences Division and Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,USA. He obtained his M.Sc. in Physical Chemistry (1991) and Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry (1995) from the Université Pierre et Marie Curie inParis. He then carried out postdoctoral research at Uppsala University, Sweden and also spent time as a visiting researcher at the University of Texas at Austin, the UNESCO Centre for Macromolecules & Materials, Stellenbosch University, the Glenn T. Seaborg Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Texas Materials Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), the University of Queensland, Nanyang Technological University, and the iThemba LABS in South Africa. Vayssieres has (co-)authored around 50 refereed publications, which have generated over 1600 citations (since 2000). He has presented over 160 lectures in over 25 countries and has acted as chairman, executive program committee member, and advisory member at major international conferences and projects worldwide. Vayssieres is the founder and editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Nanotechnology and founder, organizer and chairman of the first international symposium dedicated to Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology (San Diego, CA 2006), which was sponsored by the International Society for Optical Engineering. He has been working on nanomaterials for solar energy conversion since 1996 and published the first nanorod-based solar cells paper in 2000.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors.
Preface.
Editor Biography.
PART ONE-FUNDAMENTALS, MODELING, AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF
PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTIONS FOR DIRECT SOLAR HYDROGEN GENERATION.
1 Solar Hydrogen Production by Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: The
Promise and Challenge (Eric L. Miller).
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Hydrogen or Hype?
1.3 Solar Pathways to Hydrogen.
1.4 Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting.
1.5 The Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface.
1.6 Photoelectrode Implementations.
1.7 The PEC Challenge.
1.8 Facing the Challenge: Current PEC Materials Research.
Acknowledgments.
References.
2 Modeling and Simulation of Photocatalytic Reactions at TiO2 Surfaces
(Hideyuki Kamisaka and Koichi Yamashita).
2.1 Importance of Theoretical Studies on TiO2 Systems.
2.2 Doped TiO2 Systems: Carbon and Niobium Doping.
2.3 Surface Hydroxyl Groups and the Photoinduced Hydrophilicity of TiO2.
Conversion.
2.4 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
2.5 Future Directions: Ab Initio Simulations and the Local Excited States
on TiO2.
Acknowledgments.
References.
3 Photocatalytic Reactions on Model Single Crystal TiO2 Surfaces (G.I.N.
Waterhouse and H. Idriss).
3.1 TiO2 Single-Crystal Surfaces.
3.2 Photoreactions Over Semiconductor Surfaces.
3.3 Ethanol Reactions Over TiO2(110) Surface.
3.4 Photocatalysis and Structure Sensitivity.
3.5 Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Over Au/TiO2 Catalysts.
3.6 Conclusions.
References.
4 Fundamental Reactions on Rutile TiO2(110) Model Photocatalysts Studied by
High-Resolution Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (Stefan Wendt, Ronnie T.
Vang, and Flemming Besenbacher).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Geometric Structure and Defects of the Rutile TiO2 (110) Surface.
4.3 Reactions of Water with Oxygen Vacancies.
4.4 Splitting of Paired H Adatoms and Other Reactions Observed on Partly
Water Covered TiO2(110).
4.5 O2 Dissociation and the Role of Ti Interstitials.
4.6 Intermediate Steps of the Reaction Between O2 and H Adatoms and the
Role of Coadsorbed Water.
4.7 Bonding of Gold Nanoparticles on TiO2(110) in Different Oxidation
States.
4.8 Summary and Outlook.
References.
PART TWO-ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ENERGETICS, AND TRANSPORT DYNAMICS OF
PHOTOCATALYST NANOSTRUCTURES.
5 Electronic Structure Study of Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides
Using Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy (Jinghua Guo, Per-Anders Glans, Yi-Sheng Liu,
and Chinglin Chang).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy.
5.3 Experiment Set-Up.
5.4 Results and Discussion.
Acknowledgments.
References.
6 X-ray and Electron Spectroscopy Studies of Oxide Semiconductors for
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production (Clemens Heske, Lothar Weinhardt,
and Marcus BEURar).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Soft X-Ray and Electron Spectroscopies.
6.3 Electronic Surface-Level Positions of WO3 Thin Films.
6.4 Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy of ZnO:Zn3N2 Thin Films.
6.5 In Situ Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy: A Brief Outlook.
6.6 Summary.
Acknowledgments.
References.
7 Applications of X-Ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy in Photocatalysis
for Hydrogen Generation (Lin X. Chen).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 X-Ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (XTA).
7.3 Tracking Electronic and Nuclear Configurations in Photoexcited
Metalloporphyrins.
7.4 Tracking Metal-Center Oxidation States in the MLCT State of Metal
Complexes.
7.5 Tracking Transient Metal Oxidation States During Hydrogen Generation.
7.6 Prospects and Challenges in Future Studies.
Acknowledgments.
References.
8 Fourier-Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Pure and Doped TiO2
Photocatalysts (Lars Osterlund).
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy on TiO2 Photocatalysts: Experimental
Considerations.
8.3 Raman Spectroscopy of Pure and Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles.
8.4 Gas-Solid Photocatalytic Reactions Probed by FTIR Spectroscopy.
8.5 Model Gas-Solid Reactions on Pure and Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Studied
by FTIR Spectroscopy.
8.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks.
Acknowledgments.
References.
9 Interfacial Electron Transfer Reactions in CdS Quantum Dot Sensitized
TiO2 Nanocrystalline Electrodes (Yasuhiro Tachibana).
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Nanomaterials.
9.3 Transient Absorption Spectroscopy.
9.4 Controlling Interfacial Electron Transfer Reactions by Nanomaterial
Design.
9.5 Application of QD-Sensitized Metal-Oxide Semiconductors to Solar
Hydrogen Production.
9.6 Conclusion.
Acknowledgments.
References.
PART THREE-DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED NANOSTRUCTURES FOR EFFICIENT SOLAR
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM CLASSICAL .LARGE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS.
10 Ordered Titanium Dioxide Nanotubular Arrays as Photoanodes for Hydrogen
Generation (M. Misra and K.S. Raja).
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Crystal Structure of TiO2.
References.
11 Electrodeposition of Nanostructured ZnO Films and Their
Photoelectrochemical Properties (Torsten Oekermann).
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Fundamentals of Electrochemical Deposition.
11.3 Electrodeposition of Metal Oxides and Other Compounds.
11.4 Electrodeposition of Zinc Oxide.
11.5 Electrodeposition of One- and Two-Dimensional ZnO Nanostructures.
11.6 Use of Additives in ZnO Electrodeposition.
11.7 Photoelectrochemical and Photovoltaic Properties.
11.8 Photocatalytic Properties.
11.9 Outlook.
References.
12 Nanostructured Thin-Film WO3 Photoanodes for Solar Water and Sea-Water
Splitting (Bruce D. Alexander and Jan Augustynski).
12.1 Historical Context.
12.2 Macrocrystalline WO3 Films.
12.3 Limitations of Macroscopic WO3.
12.4 Nanostructured Films.
12.5 Tailoring WO3 Films Through a Modified Chimie Douce Synthetic Route.
12.6 Surface Reactions at Nanocrystalline WO3 Electrodes.
12.7 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
13 Nanostructured a-Fe2O3 in PEC Generation of Hydrogen (Vibha R. Satsangi,
Sahab Dass, and Rohit Shrivastav).
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 a-Fe2O3.
13.3 Nanostructured a-Fe2O3 Photoelectrodes.
13.5 Efficiency and Hydrogen Production.
13.6 Concluding Remarks.
Acknowledgments.
References.
PART FOUR-NEW DESIGN AND APPROACHES TO BANDGAP PROFILING AND
VISIBLE-LIGHT-ACTIVE NANOSTRUCTURES.
14 Photoelectrocatalyst Discovery Using High-Throughput Methods and
Combinatorial Chemistry (Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein, Peng Zhang, Yongsheng
Hu, and Eric W. McFarland).
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 The Use of High-Throughput and Combinatorial Methods for the Discovery
and Optimization of Photoelectrocatalyst Material Systems.
14.3 Practical Methods of High-Throughput Synthesis of
Photoelectrocatalysts.
14.4 Photocatalyst Screening and Characterization.
14.5 Specific Examples of High-Throughput Methodology Applied to
Photoelectrocatalysts.
14.6 Summary and Outlook.
References.
15 Multidimensional Nanostructures for Solar Water Splitting: Synthesis,
Properties, and Applications (Abraham Wolcott and Jin Z. Zhang).
15.1 Motivation for Developing Metal-Oxide Nanostructures.
15.2 Colloidal Methods for 0D Metal-Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis.
15.3 1D Metal-Oxide Nanostructures.
15.4 2D Metal-Oxide Nanostructures.
15.5 Conclusion.
Acknowledgments.
References.
16 Nanoparticle-Assembled Catalysts for Photochemical Water Splitting
(Frank E. Osterloh).
16.1 Introduction.
16.2 Two-Component Catalysts.
16.3 CdSe Nanoribbons as a Quantum-Confined Water-Splitting Catalyst.
16.4 Conclusion and Outlook.
Acknowledgment.
References.
17 Quantum-Confined Visible-Light-Active Metal-Oxide Nanostructures for
Direct Solar-to-Hydrogen Generation (Lionel Vayssieres).
17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Design of Advanced Semiconductor Nanostructures by Cost-Effective
Technique.
17.3 Quantum Confinement Effects for Photovoltaics and Solar Hydrogen
Generation.
17.4 Novel Cost-Effective Visible-Light-Active (Hetero)Nanostructures for
Solar Hydrogen Generation.
17.5 Conclusion and Perspectives.
References.
18 Effects of Metal-Ion Doping, Removal and Exchange on Photocatalytic
Activity of Metal Oxides and Nitrides for Overall Water Splitting (Yasunobu
Inoue).
18.1 Introduction.
18.2 Experimental Procedures.
18.3 Effects of Metal Ion Doping.
18.4 Effects of Metal-Ion Removal.
18.5 Effects of Metal-Ion Exchange on Photocatalysis.
18.6 Effects of Zn Addition to Indate and Stannate.
18.7 Conclusions.
Acknowledgments.
References.
19 Supramolecular Complexes as Photoinitiated Electron Collectors:
Applications in Solar Hydrogen Production (Shamindri M. Arachchige and
Karen J. Brewer).
19.1 Introduction.
19.2 Supramolecular Complexes for Photoinitiated Electron Collection.
19.3 Conclusions.
List of Abbreviations.
Acknowledgments.
References.
PART FIVE-NEW DEVICES FOR SOLAR THERMAL HYDROGEN GENERATION.
20 Novel Monolithic Reactors for Solar Thermochemical Water Splitting
(Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos and Souzana Lorentzou).
20.1 Introduction.
20.2 Solar Hydrogen Production.
20.3 HYDROSOL Reactor.
20.4 HYDROSOL Process.
20.5 Conclusions.
Acknowledgments.
References.
21 Solar Thermal and Efficient Solar Thermal/Electrochemical Photo Hydrogen
Generation (Stuart Licht).
21.1 Comparison of Solar Hydrogen Processes.
21.2 STEP (Solar Thermal Electrochemical Photo) Generation of H2.
21.3 STEP Theory.
21.4 STEP Experiment: Efficient Solar Water Splitting.
21.5 NonHybrid Solar Thermal Processes.
21.6 Conclusions.
References.
Index