Optical Fibre Sensors (eBook, PDF)

Fundamentals for Development of Optimized Devices
Redaktion: Del Villar, Ignacio; Matias, Ignacio R.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

The most complete, one-stop reference for fiber optic sensor theory and application Optical Fiber Sensors: Fundamentals for Development of Optimized Devices constitutes the most complete, comprehensive, and up-to-date reference on the development of optical fiber sensors. Edited by two respected experts in the field and authored by experienced engineers and scientists, the book acts as a guide and a reference for an audience ranging from graduate students to researchers and engineers in the field of fiber optic sensors. The book discusses the fundamentals and foundations of fiber optic sensor technology and provides real-world examples to illuminate and illustrate the concepts found within. In addition to the basic concepts necessary to understand this technology, Optical Fiber Sensors includes chapters on: * Distributed sensing with Rayleigh, Raman and Brillouin scattering methods * Biomechanical sensing * Gas and volatile organic compound sensors * Application of nanotechnology to optical fiber sensors * Health care and clinical diagnosis * And others Graduate students as well as professionals who work with optical fiber sensors will find this volume to be an indispensable resource and reference.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 544
• Erscheinungstermin: 15. Oktober 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119534778
• Artikelnr.: 60477144

Autorenporträt

IGNACIO DEL VILLAR, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Department at the Public University of Navarra, Spain, where he teaches on electronics and industrial communications. He is a member of the IEEE and an Associate Editor of different journals. In addition, he has participated in multiple research projects and co-authored more than 150 papers, conferences, and book chapters related to fibre-optic sensors. IGNACIO R. MATIAS, PhD, is the Scientific Director of the Institute of Smart Cities and Professor of the Electrical, Electronic and Communications Department at the Public University of Navarra, Spain. He was one of the Associate Editors who founded the IEEE Sensors Journal, promoting fibre optic sensors since then through conferences, special issues, awards, books, etc. He has coauthored more than 500 book chapters, journal and conference papers related to optical fibre sensors. He is currently member-at-large at the IEEE Sensors Council AdCom.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xv

Acknowledgment xix

About the Editors xxi

1 Introduction 1
Ignacio R. Matias and Ignacio Del Villar

References 14

2 Propagation of Light Through Optical Fibre 17
Ignacio Del Villar

2.1 Geometric Optics 17

2.2 Wave Theory 22

2.2.1 Scalar Analysis 23

2.2.2 Vectorial Analysis 26

2.3 Fibre Losses and Dispersion 32

2.4 Propagation in Microstructured Optical Fibre 35

2.5 Propagation in Specialty Optical Fibres Focused on Sensing 37

2.6 Conclusion 45

References 46

3 Optical Fibre Sensor Set-Up Elements 49
Minghong Yang and Dajuan Lyu

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 Light Sources 50

3.2.1 Light-Emitting Diodes 52

3.2.1.1 Surface Light-Emitting Diode 52

3.2.1.2 Side Light-Emitting Diode 52

3.2.2 Laser Diode 53

3.2.2.1 Single-Mode Laser Diode Structure 54

3.2.2.2 Quantum Well Laser Diode 56

3.2.3 Superluminescent Diodes (SLD) 56

3.2.4 Amplified Spontaneous Emission Sources 59

3.2.5 Narrow Line Broadband Sweep Source 62

3.2.6 Broadband Sources 62

3.3 Optical Detectors 63

3.3.1 Basic Principles of Optical Detectors 64

3.3.1.1 PN Photodetector 64

3.3.1.2 PIN Photodetector 65

3.3.1.3 Avalanche Photodiode (APD) 66

3.3.2 Main Characteristics of Optical Detectors 66

3.3.2.1 Operating Wavelength Range and Cut-Off Wavelength 66

3.3.2.2 Quantum Efficiency and Responsiveness 67

3.3.2.3 Response Time 68

3.3.2.4 Materials and Structures of Semiconductor Photodiodes 69

3.3.3 Optical Spectrometers 70

3.4 Light Coupling Technology 71

3.4.1 Coupling of Fibre and Light Source 71

3.4.1.1 Coupling of Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Fibres 71

3.4.1.2 Coupling Loss of Semiconductor Light-Emitting Diodes and Optical Fibres 72

3.4.2 Multimode Fibre Coupled Through Lens 72

3.4.3 Direct Coupling of Fibre and Fibre 73

3.5 Fibre-Optic Device 74

3.5.1 Fibre Coupler 74

3.5.2 Optical Isolator 74

3.5.3 Optical Circulator 76

3.5.4 Fibre Attenuator 76

3.5.5 Fibre Polarizer 76

3.5.6 Optical Switch 77

3.6 Optical Modulation and Interrogation of Optical Fibre-Optic Sensors 77

3.6.1 Intensity-Modulated Optical Fibre Sensing Technology 78

3.6.1.1 Reflective Intensity Modulation Sensor 78

3.6.1.2 Transmissive Intensity Modulation Sensor 80

3.6.1.3 Light Mode (Microbend) Intensity Modulation Sensor 80

3.6.1.4 Refractive Index Intensity-Modulated Fibre-Optic Sensor 80

3.6.2 Wavelength Modulation Optical Fibre Sensing Technology 81

3.6.2.1 Direct Demodulation System 81

3.6.2.2 NarrowBand Laser Scanning System 82

3.6.2.3 Broadband Source Filter Scanning System 83

3.6.2.4 Linear Sideband Filtering Method 84

3.6.2.5 Interference Demodulation System 84

3.6.3 Phase Modulation Optical Fibre Sensing Technology 86

References 87

4 Basic Detection Techniques 91
Daniele Tosi and Carlo Molardi

4.1 Introduction 91

4.2 Overview of Interrogation Methods 93

4.3 Intensity-Based Sensors 97

4.3.1 Macrobending 97

4.3.2 In-Line Fibre Coupling 99

4.3.3 Bifurcated Fibre Bundle 100

4.3.4 Smartphone Sensors 100

4.4 Polarization-Based Sensors 102

4.4.1 Pressure and Force Detection 102

4.4.2 Lossy Mode Resona