Oral Healthcare and the Frail Elder (eBook, ePUB)

Redaktion: Macentee, Michael I.; Thomson, W. Murray; Owen, C. Peter; Müller, Frauke

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Fully updated reference to clinical knowledge and strategies for effective oral healthcare in frail older adults

Taking an evidence-based approach, with theoretical and clinical knowledge underpinned by the literature, Oral Healthcare and the Frail Elder provides a comprehensive reference to management strategies for dental diseases as noncommunicable diseases in older populations. The book presents a global perspective with current guidance for clinicians, addressing the particular challenges of providing dental care for people who are confronting frailty in old age. Reflecting the numerous developments in the discipline since the previous edition was published, this Second Edition has been thoroughly updated throughout with 15 new chapters.

The first section covers background information, including demographics, social considerations, and factors affecting oral health in this population. The second half of the book is devoted to clinical management strategies.

Some of the new topics discussed in this edition of Oral Healthcare and the Frail Elder include:

• Theories and significance of oral health in frailty and oral health-related quality of life, and the influence of the life-course on oral health
• How sugar, tobacco, and alcohol initiate and sustain oral diseases, as with other noncommunicable diseases, into old age
• Mitigation of dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, mucositis, and other non-communicable diseases of the mouth
• Infection control, communications and tele-dentistry, mobile dental services, and strategies to appraise the usefulness of community-based oral healthcare programs

With an emphasis on population and public health in the context of non-communicable disease, the Second Edition of Oral Healthcare and the Frail Elder is an important resource for clinicians dealing with the geriatric population, including dentists, dental hygienists, dental therapists, denturists and dental technicians, nurses, and geriatricians.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 789
• Erscheinungstermin: 28. Januar 2025
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781394182152
• Artikelnr.: 73214852

Autorenporträt

The Editors Michael I. MacEntee, LDS(I), Dip Prosth, FRCD(C), PhD, FCAHS, FFDRCSI, is an Emeritus Professor of Prosthodontics and Dental Geriatrics at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Frauke Müller, Dr med dent habil, Dr hc (University of Thessaloniki), is Professor and Chair for Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics at the University Clinics of Dental Medicine at the University of Geneva in Geneva, Switzerland. C. Peter Owen, BDS, MChD, MScDent, FCD(SA), is an Emeritus Professor of Prosthodontics at the School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. W. Murray Thomson, BSc, BDS, MComDent, MA, PhD, FRSNZ, is an Emeritus Professor of Dental Epidemiology and Public Health at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.

Inhaltsangabe

Foreword xv 
Preface xvi 
List of Contributors xix 
1 Demography of Aging and Frailty, and the Epidemiology of Oral Conditions
1
W. Murray Thomson, Moira B. Smith, Fernando Neves Hugo, and Philippe Mojon 
Demography of Aging and Frailty 1 
The Aging Population 1 
Conceptualizing Aging 1 
Multimorbidity 2 
Frailty 3 
Oral Frailty 4 
Importance of the Life-Course 4 
Epidemiology of Oral Conditions in Older People 5 
Edentulism and Incremental Tooth Loss 5 
Dental Caries 7 
Periodontitis 7 
Oral Mucosal Lesions 7 
Dry Mouth 9 
Muscular and Joint Disorders 9 
Conclusion 10 
References 10 
2 Challenges with Noncommunicable Diseases and Frailty 16
Michael I. MacEntee, Paul Allison, Denise Laronde, and Bruce Wallace 
Noncommunicable Disease 16 
Frailty 18 
Noncommunicable Diseases of the Mouth 19 
Dental Caries 19 
Periodontal Disease 21 
Tooth Loss 23 
Oral Cancers 24 
Risks for Noncommunicable Diseases of the Mouth 25 
Sugar 25 
Tobacco 25 
Alcohol 26 
Aging 26 
Immune System and Oxidative Stress 26 
Other Risks 27 
Social Determinants 27 
Conclusion 28 
References 28 
3 Theoretical Perspectives on Frailty, Oral Health- Related Quality of
Life, and Well- Being in Old Age 37
Michael I. MacEntee, Dominique Niesten, Mario A. Brondani, and Maha M.
Al-Sahan 
Health 38 
International Classification of Functioning 39 
Oral Health 40 
Comfort, Well-Being, and Quality of Life 42 
The Myth of Measurement 42 
Frailty 43 
Oral Frailty 44 
Managing Ill-Health and Frailty 45 
A Metatheory 45 
A Clinical Scenario 46 
Conclusion 47 
References 47 
4 Communities and Frail Elders 54
C. Peter Owen, Michael I. MacEntee, Rodrigo Marino, Victor Minichiello, and
Gladys Meriting Thokoane 
What Is a Community? 54 
Culture and Ethnicity 55 
Culture and Acculturation 55 
Ethnicity 56 
Communities of Elders 56 
Barriers to Equitable Healthcare 57 
Agism 57 
Racism 58 
Migration 59 
Equitable Healthcare and Cultural Competence 60 
Health Advocacy 61 
Conclusion 63 
References 63 
5 Oral Healthcare Policy, Equity, Economics, and Political Action for Aging
Populations 68
F.A. Clive Wright, Michael I. MacEntee, Joke Duyck, Moira B. Smith, Bruce
Wallace, and C. Peter Owen 
Purpose of Policy 68 
Categories of Public Health Policy 69 
Uniqueness of Health Policy 70 
Forming Health Policy 70 
Equality and Equity 71 
Agism 71 
Adopting Health Policy 72 
Financial Policies 73 
Analyzing and Assessing Health Policy 73 
Global Strategy on Oral Health 76 
The Challenge 76 
Promoting Oral Healthcare Policies 76 
Oral Healthcare Workforce 78 
Pyramid of Primary Oral Healthcare 78 
Conclusion 79 
References 80 
6 The Influence of the Mouth and Mouthcare on the Body-Image and Social
Interactions of Frail Elders 87
Leeann Donnelly, Laura Hurd, Alison Phinney, and Michael I. MacEntee 
Body-Image and Oral Health 87 
Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Depression 88 
Clinical Implications 89 
Oral Health and Social Interactions 90 
Clinical Script 90 
Conclusion 92 
References 92 
7 Ethical and Moral Considerations for Oral Healthcare of Frail Elders 96
Michael I. MacEntee, Mario A. Brondani, Nico Creugers, Shafik Dharamsi, and
Mary E. McNally 
Healthcare Ethics 96 
Frailty 97 
Ethical Theory and Principles in Healthcare 97 
Patient-Centered Care, Care Ethics, Narrative Ethics, and Feminism 98 
Moral Distress 99 
Moral Injury 100 
Surrogate Decision-Makers 100 
Ethical Dilemmas 101 
Socially Responsible Care 101 
Universal Health Coverage 101 
Professional Responsibilities 102 
Elder Abuse 102 
Reporting Abuse 103 
Identifying and Managing Elder Abuse 103 
An Ethical Framework 104 
Clinical Context 105 
Clinical Scripts 106 
Complexities 106 
References 109 
8 Educating a Workforce for Dental Geriatrics 115
Matana Kettratad-Pruksapong, Shiva Khatami, Linda Slack-Smith, Jirakate
Madiloggovit-Lower, Leonardo Marchini, C. Peter Owen, and Michael I.
MacEntee 
Teaching and Learning Dental Geriatrics 115 
Exposure to Frailty 116 
Postgraduate Education 116 
Cultivating Clinical Reasoning 116 
Promoting Compassion 118 
Healthcare-Teams 119 
Conclusion 120 
References 120 
9 Chronic Orofacial Pain and Movement Disorders in Old Age and Frailty 125
Pierre J. Blanchet, Limor Avivi-Arber, Barry J. Sessle, and Gilles J.
Lavigne 
Assessing Pain 125 
Age-Related Changes in Processing Pain 126 
Mechanisms of Processing and Modulating Pain 126 
Afferent Nerve Fibers 127 
Pain Processing and Modulation 127 
Pain-Related Sensorimotor and Other Functions of the CNS 127 
Orofacial Pain 128 
Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) Pain 128 
Management of TMD Pain 128 
Lesion or Disease of the Cranial Nerves 128 
Trigeminal Neuralgia 128 
Other Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain 129 
Postherpetic Neuralgia 129 
Idiopathic Orofacial Pain Conditions 130 
Burning Mouth Syndrome 130 
Persistent Idiopathic (Atypical) Facial Pain 131 
Persistent Idiopathic Dentoalveolar Pain (Atypical Odontalgia) 131 
Movement Disorders and Orofacial Pain 132 
Oromandibular Dystonia 132 
Management of Oromandibular Dystonia 132 
Oral Dyskinesia 132 
Management of Oral Dyskinesia 133 
Stereotypies 133 
Management of Stereotypies 133 
Bruxism 133 
Management of Bruxism 134 
Parkinson Disease 134 
Management of Parkinson Disease 134 
Conclusion 135 
References 138 
10 Nutritional Consequences of Oral Health in Frail Elders 143
Paula Moynihan, Kazunori Ikebe, and Rena Zelig 
Changing Nutritional Needs of Frail Elders 143 
Energy Requirements 143 
Protein 144 
Micronutrients 144 
Vitamins 144 
Minerals 145 
Hydration 145 
Malnutrition/Undernutrition in Elders 145 
Malnutrition/Undernutrition Prevalence in Facility and Community Settings
146 
Reasons for Malnutrition 146 
Consequences of Malnutrition 148 
Assessing Malnutrition in Older People 148 
Interventions for Patients with, or at Risk of, Malnutrition/Undernutrition
150 
Diet and Oral Health in Frail Elders 151 
Diet and Dental Caries in Frail Elders 151 
Oral Function and Nutrition 152 
Importance of Oral Health in Preventing Frailty 153 
Impact of Prosthodontics on Diet 153 
Wearing Dentures 153 
Dentures and Eating-Related Quality of Life 154 
Dietary Advice with Tooth Loss 154 
References 154 
11 Dry Mouth and Medications 160
W. Murray Thomson and Chao Shu Yao 
The Salivary System 160 
Nerve Supply 161 
The Role of Saliva 163 
What Is Dry Mouth? 165 
How Do We Measure Dry Mouth? 165 
Prevalence and Impact of Dry Mouth 167 
Medications and Dry Mouth 168 
Managing and Preventing Dry Mouth 173 
Conclusion 175 
References 175 
12 Dementia, Sleep Apnea, and Dysphagia 180
Michael I. MacEntee, Fernanda Almeida, B. Lynn Beattie, Najla Chebib, and
Frauke Müller 
Dementia 180 
Diagnostic Challenges 183 
Care-Resistant Behavior 183 
Preparing for the Worst 185 
Home Care and Prophylaxis 185 
Sleep and Aging 187 
Common Sleep Disorders in Old Age 187 
Insomnia 187 
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep 187 
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder 187 
Sleep-Disordered Breathing 188 
OSA and Complete Dentures 189 
Swallowing, Dysphagia, and Pneumonia 189 
Swallowing 189 
Oral Phases 190 
Pharyngeal and Esophageal Phases 190 
Dysphagia 191 
Aspiration 192 
Pneumonia 193 
Controversy 194 
References 195 
13 A Framework for Assessing Oral Healthcare Programs in Residential Care
Facilities 200
Matana Kettratad-Pruksapong, Joke Duyck, Michael I. MacEntee, Arminee
Kazanjian, and B. Lynn Beattie 
Challenges 200 
Healthcare Accountability 200 
Quality of Care-Assessment 200 
Program Evaluation 201 
Meaningful Outcomes in Residential Care 202 
Residential Facilities 203 
Conclusion 205 
References 205 
14.1 Mitigating the Effects of Harmful Commodities on Dental Caries and
Periodontal Diseases: Section 1: Dental Caries 208
Alan A. Deutsch, W. Murray Thomson, and Michael I. MacEntee 
Caries Through the Life-Course 208 
Caries Risk 209 
Risk Assessment 209 
Prevention and Management 210 
Dietary Sugars 210 
Saliva 211 
Fluorides 211 
Oral Hygiene 213 
Conclusion 214 
References 214 
14.2 Mitigating the Effects of Harmful Commodities on Dental Caries and
Periodontal Diseases: Section 2: Periodontitis and Gingivitis 217
Jim Yuan Lai, Howard C. Tenenbaum, Michael B. Goldberg, and Elaine Cardoso 
Periodontitis as a Noncommunicable Disease 217 
Pathogenesis 217 
Mitigation and Management 218 
Periodontitis and Other Noncommunicable Diseases 218 
Diabetes 219 
Managing Periodontal Conditions for Frail Elders with Diabetes 219 
Hypoglycemic Emergency 220 
Cardiovascular Diseases 220 
Epinephrine and Cardiovascular Disease 221 
Treatment Sessions 221 
Anticoagulants and Postsurgical Bleeding 221 
Conclusion 222 
References 223 
15 Treatment Planning, and Integrating Oral and General Healthcare 226
C. Peter Owen, Joke Duyck, Barbara Janssens, David MacDonald, Chao Shu Yao,
Alan A. Deutsch, and Michael I. MacEntee 
Integrating Oral and General Health 226 
Integrated Care 227 
Assessing the Need for Care 228 
Age 228 
General Health 229 
Communications 229 
Social and Financial Status 229 
Environment 230 
Mobility 230 
Cooperation 232 
Clinical Assessment-Screens 232 
Screening by Dental Personnel 232 
Screening by Nondental Personnel 232 
Radiography 233 
Planning Protocols 235 
Infections 236 
Contamination 236 
Control 237 
Waste Management 237 
Disinfecting Environmental Surfaces and Fomites 237 
Conclusion 238 
References 239 
16 Care and Management of Frail and Osteoporotic Elders with Special
Emphasis on Minor Oral Surgery 245
Michael M. Bornstein and Pedro Molinero-Mourelle, Minor Oral Surgery for
Elders-General Considerations 246 
Local Anesthesia 246 
Sedation and General Anesthesia 247 
Presurgical Considerations 247 
The Osteoporotic Patient 247 
Antiresorptive Therapy 249 
Respiratory Conditions 249 
Cardiovascular Diseases 251 
Antibiotic Prophylaxis 251 
Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Drugs 252 
Diabetes Mellitus 254 
Psychological Disorders 255 
Cancer 255 
Recommendations and Conclusion 255 
References 256 
17 Oral Rehabilitation of the Frail Elder 260
C. Peter Owen, Shane White, Gerald McKenna, Sabrina Maniewicz, Nico
Creugers, Michael I. MacEntee, and Frauke Müller 
Endodontic Rehabilitation 261 
Epidemiology and Diagnosis 261 
Endodontic Outcomes 261 
Patient Considerations 262 
Technical Challenges 262 
Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth 263 
Structurally Weak Teeth 263 
Partial Tooth-Loss 265 
Shortened Dental Arch 265 
Resin-Bonded Fixed Dental Prostheses 265 
Metal-Ceramic Prostheses 265 
Fiber-Reinforced Composite 266 
Removable Dental Prostheses 267 
Tooth-Supported Overdentures 268 
Complete Tooth-Loss 269 
Mucosa-Borne Complete Dentures 269 
Relining Removable Dentures 270 
Duplicating Dentures 271 
Labeling Removable Dentures 272 
Implant-Supported Prostheses 272 
Dental Restorations and Prostheses 275 
Digitally Constructed Prostheses 275 
Cross-Infection During Dental Treatment 275 
Denture Hygiene 276 
Sleep Apnea and Denture Use 276 
Conclusion 276 
References 277 
18 Integrating Oral Health in Palliative Medicine 286
Martin Schimmel, Frauke Müller, Chao Shu Yao, Stephen Sonis, and Michael
Wiseman 
Dentistry in Palliative Care 286 
Oral Health in Palliative Care 288 
Therapies 289 
Radiation Therapy 289 
Chemotherapy 289 
Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy 289 
Oral Health and Terminal Illness 290 
Oral Mucositis 290 
Treating Oral Mucositis 291 
Scoring Mucositis 291 
Preventing and Treating Mucositis 292 
Oral Hygiene and Dental Caries 292 
Dry Mouth 293 
Fungal Infections 293 
Taste Disorders and Dysphagia 295 
Nausea and Vomiting 295 
Dentistry 296 
Conclusion 296 
References 297 
19 Mobile Dental Services 303
Murali Srinivasan, Barbara Janssens, David MacDonald, and Frauke Müller 
Preferences of Frail Elders 304 
Service Models 304 
Fixed Dental Clinics 304 
Mobile Dental Clinics 305 
Mobile Equipment 305 
Portable Domiciliary Care 306 
Mobile Clinic in a Vehicle 307 
Lighting Mobile Clinics 307 
Setting-up Mobile Dental Services 308 
A Mobile Clinic 309 
Equipment and Instruments 309 
Organization 309 
Costs 310 
Scope of Mobile Services 310 
Cost-Effectiveness 311 
Challenges 311 
Mitigating Challenges 312 
Setting-up Mobile Equipment 312 
Conclusion 313 
References 313 
20 Communications and Teledentistry 316
Chris Wyatt, Mario A. Brondani, Leeann Donnelly, Nicholas Tong, and Shunhau
To 
Introduction 316 
Principles of Communication 316 
Person-Centered Communication 317 
Communication Strategies 318 
Institutional Communication 318 
Community Dental Clinic Communication 319 
Interprofessional Communication 319 
Medical and Dental Records 321 
Teledentistry 322 
Teledentistry Referrals 322 
Conclusion 325 
References 325 
21 Oral Healthcare for Frail Elders in Low- Income Communities 329
C. Peter Owen, Matana Kettratad-Pruksapong, Matshediso Mothopi-Peri,
Frankie Hon Ching So, F.A. Clive Wright, and Michael I. MacEntee 
Global Expenditures on Health 329  
Appropriatech 330 
Responses to Constrained Resources 332 
Australia and New Zealand 332 
Canadian Indigenous Communities 333 
Hong Kong 335 
South Africa 335 
Thailand 336 
Conclusion 336 
References 336 
22 Summary 340
Michael I. MacEntee 
Index 341