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"It's not every day that one picks up a textbook that can claim to occupy a unique niche, given the multitude of scientific textbooks that are vying for a medical readership. However, with the recent publication of 'Pain-Free Biochemistry: An Essential Guide for the Health Sciences', which is specifically aimed at students of medicine and nursing, one could be left wondering just why nobody thought of this sooner." -Irish Medical Times, September 14, 2010 If you are an undergraduate nursing or healthcare student about to embark on a short course in biochemistry and feel daunted by the prospect…mehr
"It's not every day that one picks up a textbook that can claim to occupy a unique niche, given the multitude of scientific textbooks that are vying for a medical readership. However, with the recent publication of 'Pain-Free Biochemistry: An Essential Guide for the Health Sciences', which is specifically aimed at students of medicine and nursing, one could be left wondering just why nobody thought of this sooner." -Irish Medical Times, September 14, 2010 If you are an undergraduate nursing or healthcare student about to embark on a short course in biochemistry and feel daunted by the prospect because you've done very little chemistry in the past, found it difficult or studied it so long ago you've forgotten it all, then this is the book for you. Equally, if clinical practice has brought you back to biochemistry just when you were hoping you could forget it all, this could be your lifeline! Having taught biochemistry to all sorts of students, from nurses to chemical engineers, for more than 30 years, Professor Paul Engel knows how to take the 'pain' out of your studies. For those who are a bit wobbly on molecules, bonds, ions, etc. this text also has just enough supporting chemistry slipped in where appropriate to help things make sense. Accessible, enjoyable to read and packed with a wealth of clinical examples from heart disease to cancer and blood clotting to antibiotics, this handy textbook will reveal how biochemistry is fundamental to clinical practice and everyday life. Drugs, diet, disease, DNA - it all comes down to biochemistry. Key Features: * Easy to digest: 'Bite sized' topics lead you through essential biochemistry without going into intimidating detail. * Doesn't assume you've studied chemistry before: Focuses on key concepts and provides all the basic chemistry you might need. * Colour coded: Specially designed so you can see, at a glance, which chapters focus on underpinning chemistry, which on basic biochemistry and which on clinical applications. * Clinically relevant:Topical examples throughout the text show how getting to grips with biochemistry will help you succeed in healthcare practice. * Reinforces your learning: Includes numerous self-test questions with answers throughout. * Companion website includes: * A complete set of figures from within the book. * Extended MCQs with answers and further explanation where relevant.
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Professor Paul Engel is professor of biochemistry at University College Dublin. He has had extensive experience teaching biochemistry to undergraduate and postgraduate biochemistry, biology, medicine, engineering and nursing students, in his current post at UCD and at the universities of Sheffield, Oxford and Hong Kong. He is on the Editorial Board of Biochemical Journal, and Essays in Biochemistry, and is the author of the highly successful textbook: Enzyme Kinetics (Outline Series) published by Chapman and Hall.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface x Section 1 Foundations 1 Topic 1 Why biochemistry? 3 Topic 2 Remarkableness of life 9 Chemistry I The basic structure of substances: atoms, molecules, elements and compounds 13 Chemistry II Atomic structure, valency and bonding 16 Chemistry III Protons, acids, bases, concentration and the pH scale 25 Topic 3 Shape, molecular recognition and proteins: an example 32 Topic 4 Proteins: molecular necklaces 38 Topic 5 Chemical transformations in the living organism: metabolism 43 Topic 6 Reactions, catalysts and enzymes 46 Topic 7 Specificity, saturation and active sites 49 Topic 8 Structure of metabolism: anabolism and catabolism 54 Chemistry IV Equilibrium 56 Topic 9 Catabolism: degradation vs energy metabolism 60 Chemistry V Oxidation and reduction 63 Topic 10 Oxidation and reduction in metabolism 67 Section 2 Catabolism 71 Chemistry VI Aldehydes, ketones and sugars 73 Topic 11 Carbohydrates: sugars and polysaccharides in metabolism 81 Topic 12 Glucose inside the body 85 Topic 13 Breakdown of sugar: glycolysis 88 Topic 14 Aerobic oxidation of pyruvate: Krebs cycle 94 Topic 15 Respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation and overall ATP yields 98 Topic 16 Mobilising the carbohydrate store: glycogenolysis 103 Chemistry VII Alcohols, esters, glycerol, fatty acids and triglycerides 106 Chemistry VIII Hydrophobic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic 109 Topic 17 Phospholipids and membranes 111 Chemistry IX Saturated and unsaturated 114 Topic 18 Fats as an energy source 119 Topic 19 Fats: digestion, transport, storage and mobilisation 122 Topic 20 Fats: oxidation of fatty acids 126 Topic 21 Ketone bodies in health and disease 133 Topic 22 Dietary fat: essential fatty acids 137 Topic 23 Protein and amino acid breakdown 140 Topic 24 Shedding excess amino groups: urea cycle 147 Section 3 Anabolism and Control 151 Topic 25 Is anabolism just catabolism backwards? 153 Topic 26 Making new glucose: gluconeogenesis 156 Topic 27 Fatty acid biosynthesis 161 Topic 28 Providing reducing power: NADPH and the pentose phosphate pathway 164 Chemistry X Isotopes 168 Topic 29 Red cells and white cells: defence against reactive oxygen and reactive oxygen as defence! 172 Topic 30 The need for metabolic control 176 Topic 31 Relationship of fats and carbohydrates: use by different tissues 179 Section 4 Genes and Protein Synthesis 181 Topic 32 The idea of genes 183 Topic 33 The chemistry of genes: DNA and the double helix 186 Topic 34 The genetic code and mRNA 190 Topic 35 Protein synthesis, ribosomes and tRNA 193 Topic 36 Genetic differences and disease 197 Topic 37 Genetic variability: drug metabolism and disease susceptibility 203 Topic 38 Mutation, radiation and ageing 205 Topic 39 Switching genes on and off: development, tissue specificity, adaptation and tolerance 207 Topic 40 DNA and protein synthesis as targets: chemotherapy, antibiotics, etc. 210 Section 5 Physiological Systems and Clinical Issues 217 Topic 41 Hormones and second messengers 219 Topic 42 Switching enzymes on and off: coarse and fine control 222 Topic 43 Insulin, glucagon and adrenaline 224 Topic 44 Diabetes 229 Topic 45 Steroid hormones and receptors: fertility control, pregnancy testing, etc. 233 Topic 46 Pituitary hormones and feedback loops 238 Topic 47 Thyroid hormones 240 Topic 48 Adrenal cortex 244 Topic 49 Prostaglandins and inflammation: aspirin 246 Topic 50 Membrane transport 250 Topic 51 Nerve and muscle 255 Topic 52 pH homeostasis 258 Topic 53 Diagnostic markers: biochemical tests 261 Topic 54 Blood, bleeding and clotting 265 Section 6 Appendices 271 Appendix 1 pH and neutrality 273 Appendix 2 Crystallography 274 Appendix 3 Protein forces, secondary structure and folding 277 Appendix 4 Equilibrium constant 281 Appendix 5 Phosphorus, phosphoric acid and phosphate esters 283 Appendix 6 Coenzymes, cofactors and prosthetic groups 285 Appendix 7 Coenzyme A 287 Appendix 8 Krebs cycle and evidence for a catalytic reaction sequence 289 Appendix 9 Knoop's experiment pointing to ß-oxidation of fatty acids 291 Appendix 10 Isoenzymes 293 Appendix 11 Genetic code 295 Appendix 12 Different kinds of mutation 297 Appendix 13 Restriction enzymes 299 Appendix 14 Enzyme inhibition 301 Appendix 15 Electrophoresis to separate proteins 304 Appendix 16 Chromatography and mass spectrometry to separate and identify metabolites 308 Glossary 313 MCQ answers 322 Index 323
Preface x Section 1 Foundations 1 Topic 1 Why biochemistry? 3 Topic 2 Remarkableness of life 9 Chemistry I The basic structure of substances: atoms, molecules, elements and compounds 13 Chemistry II Atomic structure, valency and bonding 16 Chemistry III Protons, acids, bases, concentration and the pH scale 25 Topic 3 Shape, molecular recognition and proteins: an example 32 Topic 4 Proteins: molecular necklaces 38 Topic 5 Chemical transformations in the living organism: metabolism 43 Topic 6 Reactions, catalysts and enzymes 46 Topic 7 Specificity, saturation and active sites 49 Topic 8 Structure of metabolism: anabolism and catabolism 54 Chemistry IV Equilibrium 56 Topic 9 Catabolism: degradation vs energy metabolism 60 Chemistry V Oxidation and reduction 63 Topic 10 Oxidation and reduction in metabolism 67 Section 2 Catabolism 71 Chemistry VI Aldehydes, ketones and sugars 73 Topic 11 Carbohydrates: sugars and polysaccharides in metabolism 81 Topic 12 Glucose inside the body 85 Topic 13 Breakdown of sugar: glycolysis 88 Topic 14 Aerobic oxidation of pyruvate: Krebs cycle 94 Topic 15 Respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation and overall ATP yields 98 Topic 16 Mobilising the carbohydrate store: glycogenolysis 103 Chemistry VII Alcohols, esters, glycerol, fatty acids and triglycerides 106 Chemistry VIII Hydrophobic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic 109 Topic 17 Phospholipids and membranes 111 Chemistry IX Saturated and unsaturated 114 Topic 18 Fats as an energy source 119 Topic 19 Fats: digestion, transport, storage and mobilisation 122 Topic 20 Fats: oxidation of fatty acids 126 Topic 21 Ketone bodies in health and disease 133 Topic 22 Dietary fat: essential fatty acids 137 Topic 23 Protein and amino acid breakdown 140 Topic 24 Shedding excess amino groups: urea cycle 147 Section 3 Anabolism and Control 151 Topic 25 Is anabolism just catabolism backwards? 153 Topic 26 Making new glucose: gluconeogenesis 156 Topic 27 Fatty acid biosynthesis 161 Topic 28 Providing reducing power: NADPH and the pentose phosphate pathway 164 Chemistry X Isotopes 168 Topic 29 Red cells and white cells: defence against reactive oxygen and reactive oxygen as defence! 172 Topic 30 The need for metabolic control 176 Topic 31 Relationship of fats and carbohydrates: use by different tissues 179 Section 4 Genes and Protein Synthesis 181 Topic 32 The idea of genes 183 Topic 33 The chemistry of genes: DNA and the double helix 186 Topic 34 The genetic code and mRNA 190 Topic 35 Protein synthesis, ribosomes and tRNA 193 Topic 36 Genetic differences and disease 197 Topic 37 Genetic variability: drug metabolism and disease susceptibility 203 Topic 38 Mutation, radiation and ageing 205 Topic 39 Switching genes on and off: development, tissue specificity, adaptation and tolerance 207 Topic 40 DNA and protein synthesis as targets: chemotherapy, antibiotics, etc. 210 Section 5 Physiological Systems and Clinical Issues 217 Topic 41 Hormones and second messengers 219 Topic 42 Switching enzymes on and off: coarse and fine control 222 Topic 43 Insulin, glucagon and adrenaline 224 Topic 44 Diabetes 229 Topic 45 Steroid hormones and receptors: fertility control, pregnancy testing, etc. 233 Topic 46 Pituitary hormones and feedback loops 238 Topic 47 Thyroid hormones 240 Topic 48 Adrenal cortex 244 Topic 49 Prostaglandins and inflammation: aspirin 246 Topic 50 Membrane transport 250 Topic 51 Nerve and muscle 255 Topic 52 pH homeostasis 258 Topic 53 Diagnostic markers: biochemical tests 261 Topic 54 Blood, bleeding and clotting 265 Section 6 Appendices 271 Appendix 1 pH and neutrality 273 Appendix 2 Crystallography 274 Appendix 3 Protein forces, secondary structure and folding 277 Appendix 4 Equilibrium constant 281 Appendix 5 Phosphorus, phosphoric acid and phosphate esters 283 Appendix 6 Coenzymes, cofactors and prosthetic groups 285 Appendix 7 Coenzyme A 287 Appendix 8 Krebs cycle and evidence for a catalytic reaction sequence 289 Appendix 9 Knoop's experiment pointing to ß-oxidation of fatty acids 291 Appendix 10 Isoenzymes 293 Appendix 11 Genetic code 295 Appendix 12 Different kinds of mutation 297 Appendix 13 Restriction enzymes 299 Appendix 14 Enzyme inhibition 301 Appendix 15 Electrophoresis to separate proteins 304 Appendix 16 Chromatography and mass spectrometry to separate and identify metabolites 308 Glossary 313 MCQ answers 322 Index 323
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