Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms in the Neural Control of Movement (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Binder, M. D.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

In the last decade, we have witnessed a striking maturation of our understanding of how neurons in the spinal cord control muscular activity and movement. Paradoxically, a host of new findings have revealed an unexpected versatility in the behavior of these well-studied neural elements and circuits. In this volume, the world's leading experts review the current state of our knowledge of motor control, outline their latest results and developments, and delineate the seminal unresolved questions in this vibrant field of research. The volume begins with a commentary and overview of our current understanding of the peripheral and spinal basis of motor control. The remainder of the volume is divided into seven sections, each focused on a different problem. The first chapter in each section provides some historical review and presages the experimental findings and hypotheses that are discussed in subsequent chapters.
Topics include the biomechanics of neuromuscular systems, the properties of motoneurons and the muscle units they control, spinal interneurons, pattern generating circuits, locomotion, descending control of spinal circuits, comparative physiology of motor systems, and motor systems neurophysiology studied in man. The book serves as a unique reference volume and should be essential reading for anyone interested in motor systems. Moreover, the volume's comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics make it an effective textbook for graduate level courses in motor control neurobiology, kinesiology, physical therapy, and rehabilitation medicine.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
• Seitenzahl: 479
• Erscheinungstermin: 17. Dezember 1999
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780080862484
• Artikelnr.: 38014887

Inhaltsangabe

List of contributors. Preface. I. Perspectives. 1. The segmental motor
system - advances, issues, and possibilities (D.G. Stuart). II. Mechanisms
underlying repetitive firing in motoneurons. 2. Repetitive impulse firing
in motoneurons: facts and perspectives (D. Kernell). 3. Plateau potentials
and their role in regulating motoneural firing (H. Hultborn). 4. Synaptic
integration in bistable motoneurons (C.J. Heckman, R.H. Lee). 5. Adapting
motoneurons for motor behavior (R. Delgado-Lezama, J. Hounsgaard). III.
Input-output functions of motoneurons. 6. Assessing the strengths of
motoneuron inputs: different anatomical and physiological approaches
compared (P.A. Kirkwood, T.W. Ford, R. Donga, S.A. Saywell, G. Holstege).
7. Models of spike encoding and their use in the interpretation of motor
unit recordings in man (R.K. Powers, M.D. Binder). 8. Non-linear summation
of synaptic currents on spinal motoneurons: lessons from simulations of the
behaviour of anatomically realistic models (P.K. Rose, S. Cushing). 9.
Selectivity of presynaptic inhibition: a mechanism for independent control
of information flow through individual collaterals of single muscle
spindles (P. Rudomin). IV. Properties and central actions of muscle
receptors. 10. Why are there three types of intrafusal muscle fibers? (A.
Taylor, P.H. Ellaway, R. Durbaba). 11. Quantifying proprioception (A.
Prochazka). 12. Movement detection thresholds at the human elbow joint (U.
Proske, A.K. Wise, J.E. Gregory). 13. A positive feedback circuit involving
muscle spindle secondaries and gamma motoneurons in the cat (E. Jankowska,
M.H. Gladden). 14. Neurotrophin-3 and maintenance of muscle afferent
function (J.B. Munson, R.D. Johnson, L.M. Mendell). V. Motor unit
properties and recruitment. 15. Revisiting the notion of 'motor unit types'
(R.E. Burke). 16. Orderly recruitment tested across muscle boundaries (T.C.
Cope, A.J. Sokoloff). 17. Limited plasticity of adult motor units conserves
recruitment order and rate coding (T. Gordon, N. Tyreman, V.F. Rafuse, J.B.
Munson). 18. Motor cortex control of human masticatory muscles (M.A.
Nordstrom, T.S. Miles, B.R. Gooden, S.L. Butler, M.C. Ridding, P.D.
Thompson). 19. Do lengthening contractions represent a case of reversal in
recruitment order? (P. Bawa, K.E. Jones). 20. Motor units of extraocular
muscles: recent findings (S.J. Goldberg, M.S. Shall). 21. Neuromuscular
strategies underlying ballistic movements (R.J. Callister, E.H. Peterson,
A.M. Brichta). VI. Comparative physiology of pattern generators. 22.
General principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation derived from
invertebrate CPGs (A. Selverston). 23. Central pattern generators and
interphyletic awareness (P.S.G. Stein). 24. A brain region in insects that
supervises walking (N.J. Strausfeld). 25. Behavior of hindbrain neurons
during the transition from rest to evoked locomotion in a newt (I. Bar-Gad,
I. Kagan, M.L. Shik). VII. Spinal interneurons and pattern generation. 26.
On the cellular bases of vertebrate locomotion (S. Grillner, P. Wallén).
27. The roles of spinal interneurons and motoneurons in the lamprey
locomotor network (J.T. Buchanan). 28. Primate spinal interneurons: muscle
fields and response properties during voluntary movement (E.E. Fetz, S.I.
Perlmutter, Y. Prut, M.A. Maier). 29. Correlations between neurograms and
locomotor drive potentials in motoneurons during fictive locomotion:
implications for the organization of locomotor commands (T.M. Hamm, T.V.
Trank, V.V. Turkin). 30. Failure analysis of stepping in adult spinal cats
(R.D. De Leon, N.J.S. London, R.R. Roy, V.R. Edgerton). 31. Locomotor
performance and adaptation after partial or complete spinal cord lesions in
the cat (S. Rossignol, T. Drew, E. Brustein, W. Jiang). VIII. Mechanical
properties of neuromuscular systems. 32. The role of musculoskeletal
mechanics in motor coordination (T.R. Nichols, D.C. Lin, C.M.J.I.
Huyghues-Despointes). 33. Kinematic redundancy (Z. Hasan, J.S. Thomas). 34.
Task-and age-dependent variations in steadiness (R.M. Enoka, R.A. Burnett,
A.E. Graves, K.W. Kornatz, D.H. Laidlaw). 35. Mechanical actions of
compartments of the cat hamstring muscle, biceps femoris (D.I. Carrasco,
A.W. English). 36. What might the brain know about muscles, limbs and
spinal circuits? (G.E. Loeb). 37. Animal models of motor systems:
cautionary tales from studies of head movement (F.J.R. Richmond, B.D.
Corneil, K. Singh). IX. Control of movement studied in man. 38. The sharing
principle (J.A. Stephens, L.M. Harrison, M.J. Mayston, L.J. Carr, J.
Gibbs). 39. Properties of human peripheral nerves: implications for studies
of human motor control (D. Burke, S.C. Gandevia). 40. Rhythmic cortical
activity and its relation to neurogenic components of normal and
pathological tremors (B.A. Conway, D.M. Halliday, J.R. Rosenberg). 41.
Stopping and turning during human walking (R.B. Stein, K. Hase). 42.
Disturbances of voluntary movement coordination in stroke: problems of
planning or execution? (R. Beer, J. Dewald, Z. Rymer). 43. Group II spindle
afferent fibers in humans: their possible role in the reflex control of
stance (M. Scieppati, A. Nardone). 44. Indices of cortical motor function
following severe brain injury in man (P.H. Ellaway, S.H. Moosavi, M.J.
Stokes, M. Catley, N. Haque). Subject Index.