Mark Wasserman
Pesos and Politics (eBook, ePUB)
Business, Elites, Foreigners, and Government in Mexico, 1854-1940
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Mark Wasserman
Pesos and Politics (eBook, ePUB)
Business, Elites, Foreigners, and Government in Mexico, 1854-1940
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The relationship between business and politics is crucial to understanding Mexican history, and Pesos and Politics explores this relationship from the mid-nineteenth century dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz through the Mexican Revolution (1876–1940). Historian Mark Wasserman argues that throughout this era, over the course of successive regimes, there was an evolving enterprise system that had to balance the interests of the Mexican national elite, state and local governments, large foreign corporations, and individual foreign entrepreneurs. During and after the Revolution these groups were…mehr
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The relationship between business and politics is crucial to understanding Mexican history, and Pesos and Politics explores this relationship from the mid-nineteenth century dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz through the Mexican Revolution (1876–1940). Historian Mark Wasserman argues that throughout this era, over the course of successive regimes, there was an evolving enterprise system that had to balance the interests of the Mexican national elite, state and local governments, large foreign corporations, and individual foreign entrepreneurs. During and after the Revolution these groups were joined by organized labor and organized peasants.
Contrary to past assessments, Wasserman argues that no one of these groups was ever powerful enough to dominate another. Because Mexican governments and elites committed themselves to economic models that relied on foreign investment and technology, they had to reach a balance that simultaneously attracted foreign entrepreneurs, but did not allow them to become too powerful or too privileged.
Concentrating on the three most important sectors of the Mexican economy: mining, agriculture, and railroads, and employing a series of case studies of the careers of prominent Mexican business people and the operations of large U.S.-owned ranching and mining companies, Wasserman effectively demonstrates that Mexicans in fact controlled their economy from the 1880s through 1940; foreigners did not exploit the country; and, Mexicans established, sometimes shakily, sometimes unplanned, a system of relations between foreigners, elite and government (and later unions and peasant organizations) that maintained checks and balances on all parties.
Contrary to past assessments, Wasserman argues that no one of these groups was ever powerful enough to dominate another. Because Mexican governments and elites committed themselves to economic models that relied on foreign investment and technology, they had to reach a balance that simultaneously attracted foreign entrepreneurs, but did not allow them to become too powerful or too privileged.
Concentrating on the three most important sectors of the Mexican economy: mining, agriculture, and railroads, and employing a series of case studies of the careers of prominent Mexican business people and the operations of large U.S.-owned ranching and mining companies, Wasserman effectively demonstrates that Mexicans in fact controlled their economy from the 1880s through 1940; foreigners did not exploit the country; and, Mexicans established, sometimes shakily, sometimes unplanned, a system of relations between foreigners, elite and government (and later unions and peasant organizations) that maintained checks and balances on all parties.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Stanford University Press
- Seitenzahl: 272
- Erscheinungstermin: 15. April 2015
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9780804795210
- Artikelnr.: 48416364
- Verlag: Stanford University Press
- Seitenzahl: 272
- Erscheinungstermin: 15. April 2015
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9780804795210
- Artikelnr.: 48416364
Mark Wasserman is Professor of History and Chair of the Department of History at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.
Contents and Abstracts 1 Elites, Foreigners, and Government in Mexico, 1877–1940 chapter abstract
2 Mexican Entrepreneurs chapter abstract
Two case studies about the patriarchs of two Mexican entrepreneurial families: Enrique C. Creel, who was Mexico's leading banker during the Díaz era (1880-1910), a governor and national cabinet member; and Evaristo Madero, a large landowner and industrialist. Both families diversified extensively, although they based their wealth in good part on landholding and partnered with other elite groups in Mexico City and Monterrey. Creel and Madero were similar in that they opposed Díaz for many years, but never lost out entirely because they were too strong economically. They were different in that the Creels cooperated with, brokered for, and partnered with foreign businesspeople, while the Maderos often found themselves in opposition to foreign companies.
3 Mexico Versus the Seven Kings: The Railroad Consolidation, 1902-1910 chapter abstract
This is the history of the consolidation of the Mexican railroad system under government ownership from 1902 to 1911. The Díaz regime undertook these mergers in order to prevent the railroad tycoons in the United States from taking control of the financially unstable Mexican railway companies. The arrangements were engineered by finance minister José Y. Limantour, who ingeniously stymied the US capitalists while at the same time not alienating them. The railroad consolidation was an excellent example of how the elite-foreign enterprise system worked, as the regime balanced the interests of all of the competing groups.
4 Foreign Landowners chapter abstract
Discusses the various types of foreign landholders in Mexico during the period under study; it uses case studies of large owners, more modest owners, lumber companies, colonizing schemes, and lumber companies. It argues that foreign investors, while owning large tracts, rarely yielded profits. They required considerable capital, a steady market, and secure labor force to succeed.
5 The Corralitos Company chapter abstract
The Corralitos Company operated an 800,000-acre ranch and a substantial mining company. It makes an excellent case study of foreign investment in each of these businesses because we have a fairly complete set of records for the company. During a period of forty years, the company was profitable only for a short period. Its investors sunk hundreds of thousands of dollars into new equipment and livestock.
6 Foreign Mining Entrepreneurs chapter abstract
This chapter contains a large number of case studies of mining companies, the vast majority of which were unprofitable. It reiterates that these companies required great capital, expertise, management skills, the ability to negotiate with local elites and governments, a steady market, good transportation, and a secure labor force. Very few companies combined all of these.
7 The American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, 1890–1940 chapter abstract
This is the history of the American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, which was the most important success of all foreign enterprises in Mexico during this era.
8 Conclusion chapter abstract
2 Mexican Entrepreneurs chapter abstract
Two case studies about the patriarchs of two Mexican entrepreneurial families: Enrique C. Creel, who was Mexico's leading banker during the Díaz era (1880-1910), a governor and national cabinet member; and Evaristo Madero, a large landowner and industrialist. Both families diversified extensively, although they based their wealth in good part on landholding and partnered with other elite groups in Mexico City and Monterrey. Creel and Madero were similar in that they opposed Díaz for many years, but never lost out entirely because they were too strong economically. They were different in that the Creels cooperated with, brokered for, and partnered with foreign businesspeople, while the Maderos often found themselves in opposition to foreign companies.
3 Mexico Versus the Seven Kings: The Railroad Consolidation, 1902-1910 chapter abstract
This is the history of the consolidation of the Mexican railroad system under government ownership from 1902 to 1911. The Díaz regime undertook these mergers in order to prevent the railroad tycoons in the United States from taking control of the financially unstable Mexican railway companies. The arrangements were engineered by finance minister José Y. Limantour, who ingeniously stymied the US capitalists while at the same time not alienating them. The railroad consolidation was an excellent example of how the elite-foreign enterprise system worked, as the regime balanced the interests of all of the competing groups.
4 Foreign Landowners chapter abstract
Discusses the various types of foreign landholders in Mexico during the period under study; it uses case studies of large owners, more modest owners, lumber companies, colonizing schemes, and lumber companies. It argues that foreign investors, while owning large tracts, rarely yielded profits. They required considerable capital, a steady market, and secure labor force to succeed.
5 The Corralitos Company chapter abstract
The Corralitos Company operated an 800,000-acre ranch and a substantial mining company. It makes an excellent case study of foreign investment in each of these businesses because we have a fairly complete set of records for the company. During a period of forty years, the company was profitable only for a short period. Its investors sunk hundreds of thousands of dollars into new equipment and livestock.
6 Foreign Mining Entrepreneurs chapter abstract
This chapter contains a large number of case studies of mining companies, the vast majority of which were unprofitable. It reiterates that these companies required great capital, expertise, management skills, the ability to negotiate with local elites and governments, a steady market, good transportation, and a secure labor force. Very few companies combined all of these.
7 The American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, 1890–1940 chapter abstract
This is the history of the American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, which was the most important success of all foreign enterprises in Mexico during this era.
8 Conclusion chapter abstract
Contents and Abstracts
1Elites, Foreigners, and Government in Mexico, 1877-1940
chapter abstract
2Mexican Entrepreneurs
chapter abstract
Two case studies about the patriarchs of two Mexican entrepreneurial
families: Enrique C. Creel, who was Mexico's leading banker during the Díaz
era (1880-1910), a governor and national cabinet member; and Evaristo
Madero, a large landowner and industrialist. Both families diversified
extensively, although they based their wealth in good part on landholding
and partnered with other elite groups in Mexico City and Monterrey. Creel
and Madero were similar in that they opposed Díaz for many years, but never
lost out entirely because they were too strong economically. They were
different in that the Creels cooperated with, brokered for, and partnered
with foreign businesspeople, while the Maderos often found themselves in
opposition to foreign companies.
3Mexico Versus the Seven Kings: The Railroad Consolidation, 1902-1910
chapter abstract
This is the history of the consolidation of the Mexican railroad system
under government ownership from 1902 to 1911. The Díaz regime undertook
these mergers in order to prevent the railroad tycoons in the United States
from taking control of the financially unstable Mexican railway companies.
The arrangements were engineered by finance minister José Y. Limantour, who
ingeniously stymied the US capitalists while at the same time not
alienating them. The railroad consolidation was an excellent example of how
the elite-foreign enterprise system worked, as the regime balanced the
interests of all of the competing groups.
4Foreign Landowners
chapter abstract
Discusses the various types of foreign landholders in Mexico during the
period under study; it uses case studies of large owners, more modest
owners, lumber companies, colonizing schemes, and lumber companies. It
argues that foreign investors, while owning large tracts, rarely yielded
profits. They required considerable capital, a steady market, and secure
labor force to succeed.
5The Corralitos Company
chapter abstract
The Corralitos Company operated an 800,000-acre ranch and a substantial
mining company. It makes an excellent case study of foreign investment in
each of these businesses because we have a fairly complete set of records
for the company. During a period of forty years, the company was profitable
only for a short period. Its investors sunk hundreds of thousands of
dollars into new equipment and livestock.
6Foreign Mining Entrepreneurs
chapter abstract
This chapter contains a large number of case studies of mining companies,
the vast majority of which were unprofitable. It reiterates that these
companies required great capital, expertise, management skills, the ability
to negotiate with local elites and governments, a steady market, good
transportation, and a secure labor force. Very few companies combined all
of these.
7The American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, 1890-1940
chapter abstract
This is the history of the American Smelting and Refining Company in
Mexico, which was the most important success of all foreign enterprises in
Mexico during this era.
8Conclusion
chapter abstract
1Elites, Foreigners, and Government in Mexico, 1877-1940
chapter abstract
2Mexican Entrepreneurs
chapter abstract
Two case studies about the patriarchs of two Mexican entrepreneurial
families: Enrique C. Creel, who was Mexico's leading banker during the Díaz
era (1880-1910), a governor and national cabinet member; and Evaristo
Madero, a large landowner and industrialist. Both families diversified
extensively, although they based their wealth in good part on landholding
and partnered with other elite groups in Mexico City and Monterrey. Creel
and Madero were similar in that they opposed Díaz for many years, but never
lost out entirely because they were too strong economically. They were
different in that the Creels cooperated with, brokered for, and partnered
with foreign businesspeople, while the Maderos often found themselves in
opposition to foreign companies.
3Mexico Versus the Seven Kings: The Railroad Consolidation, 1902-1910
chapter abstract
This is the history of the consolidation of the Mexican railroad system
under government ownership from 1902 to 1911. The Díaz regime undertook
these mergers in order to prevent the railroad tycoons in the United States
from taking control of the financially unstable Mexican railway companies.
The arrangements were engineered by finance minister José Y. Limantour, who
ingeniously stymied the US capitalists while at the same time not
alienating them. The railroad consolidation was an excellent example of how
the elite-foreign enterprise system worked, as the regime balanced the
interests of all of the competing groups.
4Foreign Landowners
chapter abstract
Discusses the various types of foreign landholders in Mexico during the
period under study; it uses case studies of large owners, more modest
owners, lumber companies, colonizing schemes, and lumber companies. It
argues that foreign investors, while owning large tracts, rarely yielded
profits. They required considerable capital, a steady market, and secure
labor force to succeed.
5The Corralitos Company
chapter abstract
The Corralitos Company operated an 800,000-acre ranch and a substantial
mining company. It makes an excellent case study of foreign investment in
each of these businesses because we have a fairly complete set of records
for the company. During a period of forty years, the company was profitable
only for a short period. Its investors sunk hundreds of thousands of
dollars into new equipment and livestock.
6Foreign Mining Entrepreneurs
chapter abstract
This chapter contains a large number of case studies of mining companies,
the vast majority of which were unprofitable. It reiterates that these
companies required great capital, expertise, management skills, the ability
to negotiate with local elites and governments, a steady market, good
transportation, and a secure labor force. Very few companies combined all
of these.
7The American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, 1890-1940
chapter abstract
This is the history of the American Smelting and Refining Company in
Mexico, which was the most important success of all foreign enterprises in
Mexico during this era.
8Conclusion
chapter abstract
Contents and Abstracts 1 Elites, Foreigners, and Government in Mexico, 1877–1940 chapter abstract
2 Mexican Entrepreneurs chapter abstract
Two case studies about the patriarchs of two Mexican entrepreneurial families: Enrique C. Creel, who was Mexico's leading banker during the Díaz era (1880-1910), a governor and national cabinet member; and Evaristo Madero, a large landowner and industrialist. Both families diversified extensively, although they based their wealth in good part on landholding and partnered with other elite groups in Mexico City and Monterrey. Creel and Madero were similar in that they opposed Díaz for many years, but never lost out entirely because they were too strong economically. They were different in that the Creels cooperated with, brokered for, and partnered with foreign businesspeople, while the Maderos often found themselves in opposition to foreign companies.
3 Mexico Versus the Seven Kings: The Railroad Consolidation, 1902-1910 chapter abstract
This is the history of the consolidation of the Mexican railroad system under government ownership from 1902 to 1911. The Díaz regime undertook these mergers in order to prevent the railroad tycoons in the United States from taking control of the financially unstable Mexican railway companies. The arrangements were engineered by finance minister José Y. Limantour, who ingeniously stymied the US capitalists while at the same time not alienating them. The railroad consolidation was an excellent example of how the elite-foreign enterprise system worked, as the regime balanced the interests of all of the competing groups.
4 Foreign Landowners chapter abstract
Discusses the various types of foreign landholders in Mexico during the period under study; it uses case studies of large owners, more modest owners, lumber companies, colonizing schemes, and lumber companies. It argues that foreign investors, while owning large tracts, rarely yielded profits. They required considerable capital, a steady market, and secure labor force to succeed.
5 The Corralitos Company chapter abstract
The Corralitos Company operated an 800,000-acre ranch and a substantial mining company. It makes an excellent case study of foreign investment in each of these businesses because we have a fairly complete set of records for the company. During a period of forty years, the company was profitable only for a short period. Its investors sunk hundreds of thousands of dollars into new equipment and livestock.
6 Foreign Mining Entrepreneurs chapter abstract
This chapter contains a large number of case studies of mining companies, the vast majority of which were unprofitable. It reiterates that these companies required great capital, expertise, management skills, the ability to negotiate with local elites and governments, a steady market, good transportation, and a secure labor force. Very few companies combined all of these.
7 The American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, 1890–1940 chapter abstract
This is the history of the American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, which was the most important success of all foreign enterprises in Mexico during this era.
8 Conclusion chapter abstract
2 Mexican Entrepreneurs chapter abstract
Two case studies about the patriarchs of two Mexican entrepreneurial families: Enrique C. Creel, who was Mexico's leading banker during the Díaz era (1880-1910), a governor and national cabinet member; and Evaristo Madero, a large landowner and industrialist. Both families diversified extensively, although they based their wealth in good part on landholding and partnered with other elite groups in Mexico City and Monterrey. Creel and Madero were similar in that they opposed Díaz for many years, but never lost out entirely because they were too strong economically. They were different in that the Creels cooperated with, brokered for, and partnered with foreign businesspeople, while the Maderos often found themselves in opposition to foreign companies.
3 Mexico Versus the Seven Kings: The Railroad Consolidation, 1902-1910 chapter abstract
This is the history of the consolidation of the Mexican railroad system under government ownership from 1902 to 1911. The Díaz regime undertook these mergers in order to prevent the railroad tycoons in the United States from taking control of the financially unstable Mexican railway companies. The arrangements were engineered by finance minister José Y. Limantour, who ingeniously stymied the US capitalists while at the same time not alienating them. The railroad consolidation was an excellent example of how the elite-foreign enterprise system worked, as the regime balanced the interests of all of the competing groups.
4 Foreign Landowners chapter abstract
Discusses the various types of foreign landholders in Mexico during the period under study; it uses case studies of large owners, more modest owners, lumber companies, colonizing schemes, and lumber companies. It argues that foreign investors, while owning large tracts, rarely yielded profits. They required considerable capital, a steady market, and secure labor force to succeed.
5 The Corralitos Company chapter abstract
The Corralitos Company operated an 800,000-acre ranch and a substantial mining company. It makes an excellent case study of foreign investment in each of these businesses because we have a fairly complete set of records for the company. During a period of forty years, the company was profitable only for a short period. Its investors sunk hundreds of thousands of dollars into new equipment and livestock.
6 Foreign Mining Entrepreneurs chapter abstract
This chapter contains a large number of case studies of mining companies, the vast majority of which were unprofitable. It reiterates that these companies required great capital, expertise, management skills, the ability to negotiate with local elites and governments, a steady market, good transportation, and a secure labor force. Very few companies combined all of these.
7 The American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, 1890–1940 chapter abstract
This is the history of the American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, which was the most important success of all foreign enterprises in Mexico during this era.
8 Conclusion chapter abstract
Contents and Abstracts
1Elites, Foreigners, and Government in Mexico, 1877-1940
chapter abstract
2Mexican Entrepreneurs
chapter abstract
Two case studies about the patriarchs of two Mexican entrepreneurial
families: Enrique C. Creel, who was Mexico's leading banker during the Díaz
era (1880-1910), a governor and national cabinet member; and Evaristo
Madero, a large landowner and industrialist. Both families diversified
extensively, although they based their wealth in good part on landholding
and partnered with other elite groups in Mexico City and Monterrey. Creel
and Madero were similar in that they opposed Díaz for many years, but never
lost out entirely because they were too strong economically. They were
different in that the Creels cooperated with, brokered for, and partnered
with foreign businesspeople, while the Maderos often found themselves in
opposition to foreign companies.
3Mexico Versus the Seven Kings: The Railroad Consolidation, 1902-1910
chapter abstract
This is the history of the consolidation of the Mexican railroad system
under government ownership from 1902 to 1911. The Díaz regime undertook
these mergers in order to prevent the railroad tycoons in the United States
from taking control of the financially unstable Mexican railway companies.
The arrangements were engineered by finance minister José Y. Limantour, who
ingeniously stymied the US capitalists while at the same time not
alienating them. The railroad consolidation was an excellent example of how
the elite-foreign enterprise system worked, as the regime balanced the
interests of all of the competing groups.
4Foreign Landowners
chapter abstract
Discusses the various types of foreign landholders in Mexico during the
period under study; it uses case studies of large owners, more modest
owners, lumber companies, colonizing schemes, and lumber companies. It
argues that foreign investors, while owning large tracts, rarely yielded
profits. They required considerable capital, a steady market, and secure
labor force to succeed.
5The Corralitos Company
chapter abstract
The Corralitos Company operated an 800,000-acre ranch and a substantial
mining company. It makes an excellent case study of foreign investment in
each of these businesses because we have a fairly complete set of records
for the company. During a period of forty years, the company was profitable
only for a short period. Its investors sunk hundreds of thousands of
dollars into new equipment and livestock.
6Foreign Mining Entrepreneurs
chapter abstract
This chapter contains a large number of case studies of mining companies,
the vast majority of which were unprofitable. It reiterates that these
companies required great capital, expertise, management skills, the ability
to negotiate with local elites and governments, a steady market, good
transportation, and a secure labor force. Very few companies combined all
of these.
7The American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, 1890-1940
chapter abstract
This is the history of the American Smelting and Refining Company in
Mexico, which was the most important success of all foreign enterprises in
Mexico during this era.
8Conclusion
chapter abstract
1Elites, Foreigners, and Government in Mexico, 1877-1940
chapter abstract
2Mexican Entrepreneurs
chapter abstract
Two case studies about the patriarchs of two Mexican entrepreneurial
families: Enrique C. Creel, who was Mexico's leading banker during the Díaz
era (1880-1910), a governor and national cabinet member; and Evaristo
Madero, a large landowner and industrialist. Both families diversified
extensively, although they based their wealth in good part on landholding
and partnered with other elite groups in Mexico City and Monterrey. Creel
and Madero were similar in that they opposed Díaz for many years, but never
lost out entirely because they were too strong economically. They were
different in that the Creels cooperated with, brokered for, and partnered
with foreign businesspeople, while the Maderos often found themselves in
opposition to foreign companies.
3Mexico Versus the Seven Kings: The Railroad Consolidation, 1902-1910
chapter abstract
This is the history of the consolidation of the Mexican railroad system
under government ownership from 1902 to 1911. The Díaz regime undertook
these mergers in order to prevent the railroad tycoons in the United States
from taking control of the financially unstable Mexican railway companies.
The arrangements were engineered by finance minister José Y. Limantour, who
ingeniously stymied the US capitalists while at the same time not
alienating them. The railroad consolidation was an excellent example of how
the elite-foreign enterprise system worked, as the regime balanced the
interests of all of the competing groups.
4Foreign Landowners
chapter abstract
Discusses the various types of foreign landholders in Mexico during the
period under study; it uses case studies of large owners, more modest
owners, lumber companies, colonizing schemes, and lumber companies. It
argues that foreign investors, while owning large tracts, rarely yielded
profits. They required considerable capital, a steady market, and secure
labor force to succeed.
5The Corralitos Company
chapter abstract
The Corralitos Company operated an 800,000-acre ranch and a substantial
mining company. It makes an excellent case study of foreign investment in
each of these businesses because we have a fairly complete set of records
for the company. During a period of forty years, the company was profitable
only for a short period. Its investors sunk hundreds of thousands of
dollars into new equipment and livestock.
6Foreign Mining Entrepreneurs
chapter abstract
This chapter contains a large number of case studies of mining companies,
the vast majority of which were unprofitable. It reiterates that these
companies required great capital, expertise, management skills, the ability
to negotiate with local elites and governments, a steady market, good
transportation, and a secure labor force. Very few companies combined all
of these.
7The American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico, 1890-1940
chapter abstract
This is the history of the American Smelting and Refining Company in
Mexico, which was the most important success of all foreign enterprises in
Mexico during this era.
8Conclusion
chapter abstract