A. Kayode Coker

Petroleum Refining Design and Applications Handbook, Volume 4 (eBook, ePUB)

Heat Transfer, Pinch Analysis, and Process Safety Incidents

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

PETROLEUM REFINING This fourth volume in the Petroleum Refining set, this book continues the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the state-of-the-art to the engineer, scientist, or student. This book provides the design of heat exchanger equipment, crude oil fouling in pre-heat train exchangers, crude oil fouling models, fouling mitigation and monitoring, prevention and control of liquid and gas side fouling, using the Excel spreadsheet and UniSim design software for the design of shell and tube heat exchangers, double pipe heat exchangers, air-cooled exchangers, heat loss tracing for process piping, pinch analysis for hot and cold utility targets and process safety incidents involving these equipment items and pertinent industrial case studies. Use of UniSim Design (UniSim STE) software is illustrated in further elucidation of the design of shell and tube heat exchangers, condensers, and UniSim ExchangerNet R470 for the design of heat exchanger networks using pinch analysis. This is important for determining minimum cold and hot utility requirements, composite curves of hot and cold streams, the grand composite curve, the heat exchanger network, and the relationship between operating cost index target and the capital cost index target against DeltaTmin. Useful as a textbook, this is also an excellent, handy go-to reference for the veteran engineer, a volume no chemical or process engineering library should be without. Written by one of the world's foremost authorities, this book sets the standard for the industry and is an integral part of the petroleum refining renaissance. It is truly a must-have for any practicing engineer or student in this area. This groundbreaking new volume: * Assists engineers in rapidly analyzing problems and finding effective design methods and select mechanical specifications * Provides improved design manuals to methods and proven fundamentals of process design with related data and charts * Covers a complete range of basic day-to-day petroleum refining operations topics with new materials on significant industry changes * Extensive Excel spreadsheets for the design of process vessels for mechanical separation of two-phase and three-phase fluids, double-pipe heat exchanger, air-cooled exchanger, pinch analysis for hot and cold utility targets. * Provides UniSim ®-based case studies for enabling simulation of key processes outlined in the book * Helps achieve optimum operations and process conditions and shows how to translate design fundamentals into mechanical equipment specifications * Has a related website that includes computer applications along with spreadsheets and concise applied process design flow charts and process data sheets * Provides various case studies of process safety incidents in refineries and means of mitigating these from investigations by the US Chemical Safety Board * Includes a vast Glossary of Petroleum and Technical Terminology

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 1088
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. Januar 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119827672
• Artikelnr.: 68371415

Autorenporträt

Kayode Coker PhD, is Engineering Consultant for AKC Technology, an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Wolverhampton, U.K., a former Engineering Coordinator at Saudi Aramco Shell Refinery Company and Chairman of the department of Chemical Engineering Technology at Jubail Industrial College, Saudi Arabia. He has been a chartered chemical engineer for more than 30 years. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, U.K. and a senior member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He holds a B.Sc. honors degree in Chemical Engineering, a Master of Science degree in Process Analysis and Development and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, all from Aston University, Birmingham, U.K. and a Teacher's Certificate in Education at the University of London, U.K. He has directed and conducted short courses extensively throughout the world and has been a lecturer at the university level. His articles have been published in several international journals. He is an author of five books in chemical engineering, a contributor to the Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design. Vol 61. He was named as one of the International Biographical Centre's Leading Engineers of the World for 2008. Also, he is a member of International Who's Who of Professionals and Madison Who's Who in the U.S.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xix

Acknowledgments xxii

21 Heat Transfer 1

21.1 Introduction 1

21.1.1 Types of Heat Transfer Equipment Terminology 2

21.2 Details of Exchange Equipment 19

Assembly and Arrangement 19

Construction Codes 19

Thermal Rating Standards 19

Details of Stationary Heads 19

Exchanger Shell Types 20

21.3 Factors Affecting Shell Selection 24

21.3.1 Details of Rear End Heads 25

21.4 Common Combinations of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 26

AES 26

BEM 26

AEP 27

CFU 28

AKT 28

AJW 28

Tubes 29

21.5 Bending of Tubing 56

Baffles 56

Tube Side Baffles (TEMA uses Pass Partition Plates) 56

21.6 Shell-Side Baffles and Tube Supports 57

Tie Rods 67

Tubesheets 67

Tube Joints in Tubesheets 69

Seal Strips 72

Example 21.1 Determine Outside Heat Transfer Area of Heat Exchanger Bundle 73

Tubesheets Layouts 73

21.7 Tube Counts in Shells 73

Applications of Tube Pitch Arrangements 93

21.8 Exchanger Surface Area 93

Number of Tubes 93

Exact Distance Between Faces of Tubesheets 94

Net Effective Tube Length 94

Exact Baffle Spacing 94

Impingement Baffle Location 94

Effective Tube Surface 94

Effective Tube Length for U-Tube Heat Exchangers 107

21.9 Tube Vibration 107

21.9.1 Vibration Mechanisms 109

21.9.2 Treatment of Vibration Problems 110

21.9.3 Corrective Measures 110

Example 21.2 Use of U-Tube Area Chart 111

Nozzle Connections to Shell and Heads 112

21.10 Types of Heat Exchange Operations 112

21.10.1 Thermal Design 112

21.10.2 Temperature Difference: Two Fluid Transfer 116

Example 21.3 One Shell Pass, Two Tubes Passes Parallel-Counterflow Exchanger Cross, After Murty 117

21.10.3 Mean Temperature Difference or Log Mean Temperature Difference 120

21.10.4 Log Mean Temperature Difference Correction Factor, F 123

21.10.5 Correction for Multipass Flow Through Heat Exchangers 133

Example 21.4 Performance Examination for Exit Temperature of Fluids 134

Example 21.5 Calculation of Weighted MTD 136

Example 21.6 Calculation of LMTD and Correction 137

Example 21.7 Calculate the LMTD 140

Solution 140

Temperature for Fluid Properties Evaluation-Caloric Temperature 142

Tube Wall Temperature 142

Example 21.8 Heating of Glycerin in a Multipass Heat Exchanger 145

Solution 145

21.11 The Effectiveness--NTU Method 148

Example 21.9 Heating Water in a Counter Current Flow Heat Exchanger 148

Solution 152

Example 21.10 LMTD and epsilon-NTU Methods 154

Solution 154

Example 21.11 156

Solution 156

21.12 Pressure Drop, Deltap 158

21.12.1 Frictional Pressure Drop 164

21.12.2 Factors Affecting Pressure Drop (Deltap) 168

Tube-Side Pressure Drop, Deltapf 169

Shell-Side Pressure Drop Deltapf 170

Shell Nozzle Pressure Drop (Deltap noz) 172

Total Shell-Side Pressure Drop, Deltap total 172

21.13 Heat Balance 173

Heat Load or Duty 173

Example 21.12 Heat Duty of a Condenser with Liquid Subcooling 174

21.14 Transfer Area 174

Over Surface and Over Design 174

21.15 Fouling of Tube Surface 175

21.15.1 Crude Oil Fouling In Pre-Heat Train Exch