Roger H. Mitchell, S. C. Bergman

Petrology of Lamproites (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

In this book, the first dedicated entirely to the petrology of lamproites and their relationships to other potassium-rich rocks, the objective of the authors is to provide a comprehensive critical review of the occurrence, mineralogy, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the clan. Although lamproites represent one of the rarest of all rock types, they are both economically and scientifically important and we believe the time is ripe for a review of the advances made in their petrology over the past two decades. Many of these advances stem from the recognition of diamond-bearing lamproites in Western Australia and the reclassification of several anomalous diamond-bearing kim berlites as lamproites. Consequently lamproites, previously of interest only to a small number of mineralogists specializing in exotica outside the mainstream of igneous petrol ogy, have become prime targets for diamond exploration on a worldwide basis. Contemporaneously with these developments, petrologists realized that lamproites possess isotopic signatures complementary to those of midoceanic ridge basalts, alkali basalts, kimberlites, and other mantle-derived melts. These isotopic studies provided new insights into the long-term development of the mantle by suggesting that the source regions of lamproites were metasomatically enriched in light rare earth and other incompatible elements up to 1-2 Ga prior to the melting events leading to generation of the magma.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer US
• Seitenzahl: 447
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Dezember 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781461537885
• Artikelnr.: 44063259

Inhaltsangabe

1. The Lamproite Clan
Etymology and Historical Perspective.
1.1. Introduction.
1.2. Initial Discoveries
1870
1906.
1.3. Etymology of Lamproite.
1.4. Western Australian Discoveries
The Legitimization of Lamproites.
1.5. Johannsen and Modal Classifications of Rocks.
1.6. Further Developments, New Occurrences, and Diamond
Bearing Lamproites.
1.7. Reclassification of Anomalous Kimberlites.
1.8. Recent Developments.
2. Potassic Rocks and the Lamproite Clan.
2.1. Alkalinity, Sodic, Potassic, and Ultrapotassic Rocks.
2.2. Alkali
Alumina Relationships.
2.3. Potassic Rocks
General Petrographie Characteristics and Terminology.
2.4. Petrochemical Classifications of Potassic Rocks.
2.5. Petrographie and Mineralogical Classifications.
2.6. The Lamproite Clan.
3. Description of Lamproite Occurrences
Distribution, Age, Characteristics, and Geological Framework.
3.1. Introduction.
3.2. North American and Greenland Lamproites.
3.3. European Lamproites.
3.4. African Lamproites.
3.5. Australian Lamproites.
3.6. Antarctic Lamproites.
3.7. Asian Lamproites.
3.8. South American Lamproites.
3.9. Conclusions.
4. Tectonic Framework of Lamproite Genesis.
4.1. Age and Temporal Relations of Lamproite Magmatism.
4.2. Regional Geological and Tectonic Setting Generalizations.
4.3. Lithospheric History of Lamproite Settings.
4.4. Tectonic Framework of Four Mesozoic
to
Cenozoic Lamproite Type
Locality Magmatic Fields.
4.5. Conclusions and Preferred Model.
5. Petrological Facies and Igneous Forms of the Lamproite Clan.
5.1. Introduction.
5.2. Lava Flow Facies.
5.3. Crater and Pyroclastic Facies.
5.4. Hypabyssal Facies.
5.5. Plutonic Facies.
5.6. Generalized Model of Eruptive Sequences.
5.7. Comparison with Kimberlite Diatremes.
5.8. Summary.
6.Mineralogy of Lamproites.
6.1. Phlogopite.
6.2. Amphibole.
6.3. Clinopyroxene.
6.4. Orthopyroxene.
6.5. Olivine.
6.6. Leucite.
6.7. Analcite.
6.8. Sanidine.
6.9. Spinel.
6.10. Priderite.
6.11. Jeppeite.
6.12. Iron Titanium Oxides.
6.13. Potassium Zirconium Silicates.
6.14. Apatite.
6.15. Perovskite.
6.16. Titanosilicates.
6.17. Minor Accessory and Secondary Minerals.
7. The Geochemistry of Lamproites.
7.1. Major Element Geochemistry.
7.2. Compatible Trace Elements.
7.3. Incompatible Trace Elements
1: Ba?Sr, Zr?Hf, Nb?Ta, Th?U.
7.4. Incompatible Trace Elements
2: Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium.
7.5. Incompatible Trace Elements
3: Alkali Elements.
7.6. Volatile Trace Elements: Fluorine, Sulfur, and Chlorine.
7.7. Other Trace Elements.
7.8. Interelement Relationships.
7.9. Isotopic Composition.
7.10. Summary.
8. Experimental Studies Relevant to the Formation and Crystallization of Lamproites.
8.1. Low
Pressure Studies of Lamproites.
8.2. High
Pressure Phase Relationships of Natural Lamproites.
8.3. Synthetic Systems.
8.4. The Oxidation State of Lamproite Magmas.
8.5. Summary.
9. Diamonds, Xenoliths, and Exploration Techniques.
9.1. Diamonds and Xenoliths: Alien, Yet Beneficial, Companions of Lamproites.
9.2. Diamonds.
9.3. Xenoliths and Xenocrysts.
9.4. Exploration Techniques for Diamondiferous Lamproite.
10. Petrogenesis of Lamproites.
10.1. Introduction.
10.2. Previous Petrogenetic Models.
10.3. Genesis of the Lamproite Clan.
10.4. Relationships to Kimberlites.
10.5. Relationships to MARID
Suite Xenoliths.
10.6. Relationships to Other Potassic Rocks and Lamprophyres.
10.7. Summary.
Postscript.
References.

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1. The Lamproite Clan-Etymology and Historical Perspective.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Initial Discoveries-1870-1906.- 1.3. Etymology of Lamproite.- 1.4. Western Australian Discoveries-The Legitimization of Lamproites.- 1.5. Johannsen and Modal Classifications of Rocks.- 1.6. Further Developments, New Occurrences, and Diamond-Bearing Lamproites.- 1.7. Reclassification of Anomalous Kimberlites.- 1.8. Recent Developments.- 2. Potassic Rocks and the Lamproite Clan.- 2.1. Alkalinity, Sodic, Potassic, and Ultrapotassic Rocks.- 2.2. Alkali-Alumina Relationships.- 2.3. Potassic Rocks-General Petrographie Characteristics and Terminology.- 2.4. Petrochemical Classifications of Potassic Rocks.- 2.5. Petrographie and Mineralogical Classifications.- 2.6. The Lamproite Clan.- 3. Description of Lamproite Occurrences-Distribution, Age, Characteristics, and Geological Framework.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. North American and Greenland Lamproites.- 3.3. European Lamproites.- 3.4. African Lamproites.- 3.5. Australian Lamproites.- 3.6. Antarctic Lamproites.- 3.7. Asian Lamproites.- 3.8. South American Lamproites.- 3.9. Conclusions.- 4. Tectonic Framework of Lamproite Genesis.- 4.1. Age and Temporal Relations of Lamproite Magmatism.- 4.2. Regional Geological and Tectonic Setting Generalizations.- 4.3. Lithospheric History of Lamproite Settings.- 4.4. Tectonic Framework of Four Mesozoic-to-Cenozoic Lamproite Type-Locality Magmatic Fields.- 4.5. Conclusions and Preferred Model.- 5. Petrological Facies and Igneous Forms of the Lamproite Clan.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Lava Flow Facies.- 5.3. Crater and Pyroclastic Facies.- 5.4. Hypabyssal Facies.- 5.5. Plutonic Facies.- 5.6. Generalized Model of Eruptive Sequences.- 5.7. Comparison with Kimberlite Diatremes.- 5.8. Summary.- 6.Mineralogy of Lamproites.- 6.1. Phlogopite.- 6.2. Amphibole.- 6.3. Clinopyroxene.- 6.4. Orthopyroxene.- 6.5. Olivine.- 6.6. Leucite.- 6.7. Analcite.- 6.8. Sanidine.- 6.9. Spinel.- 6.10. Priderite.- 6.11. Jeppeite.- 6.12. Iron Titanium Oxides.- 6.13. Potassium Zirconium Silicates.- 6.14. Apatite.- 6.15. Perovskite.- 6.16. Titanosilicates.- 6.17. Minor Accessory and Secondary Minerals.- 7. The Geochemistry of Lamproites.- 7.1. Major Element Geochemistry.- 7.2. Compatible Trace Elements.- 7.3. Incompatible Trace Elements-1: Ba?Sr, Zr?Hf, Nb?Ta, Th?U.- 7.4. Incompatible Trace Elements-2: Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium.- 7.5. Incompatible Trace Elements-3: Alkali Elements.- 7.6. Volatile Trace Elements: Fluorine, Sulfur, and Chlorine.- 7.7. Other Trace Elements.- 7.8. Interelement Relationships.- 7.9. Isotopic Composition.- 7.10. Summary.- 8. Experimental Studies Relevant to the Formation and Crystallization of Lamproites.- 8.1. Low-Pressure Studies of Lamproites.- 8.2. High-Pressure Phase Relationships of Natural Lamproites.- 8.3. Synthetic Systems.- 8.4. The Oxidation State of Lamproite Magmas.- 8.5. Summary.- 9. Diamonds, Xenoliths, and Exploration Techniques.- 9.1. Diamonds and Xenoliths: Alien, Yet Beneficial, Companions of Lamproites.- 9.2. Diamonds.- 9.3. Xenoliths and Xenocrysts.- 9.4. Exploration Techniques for Diamondiferous Lamproite.- 10. Petrogenesis of Lamproites.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Previous Petrogenetic Models.- 10.3. Genesis of the Lamproite Clan.- 10.4. Relationships to Kimberlites.- 10.5. Relationships to MARID-Suite Xenoliths.- 10.6. Relationships to Other Potassic Rocks and Lamprophyres.- 10.7. Summary.- Postscript.- References.