Zeev Burshtein

Physics, Optics, and Spectroscopy of Materials (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

PHYSICS, OPTICS, AND SPECTROSCOPY OF MATERIALS Bridges a gap that exists between optical spectroscopists and laser systems developers Physics, Optics, and Spectroscopy of Materials provides professionals and students in materials science and engineering, optics, and spectroscopy a basic understanding and tools for stimulating current research, as well as developing and implementing new laser devices in optical spectroscopy. The author--a noted expert on that subject matter--covers a wide range of topics including: effects of light and mater interaction such as light absorption, emission and scattering by atoms and molecules; energy levels in hydrogen, hydrogen-like atoms, and many electron atoms; electronic structure of molecules, classification of vibrational and rotational motions of molecules, wave propagation and oscillations in dielectric solids, light propagation in isotropic and anisotropic solids, including frequency doubling dividing and shifting, solid materials optics, and lasers. The book provides a basic overview of the laser and its comprising components. For example, the text describes methods for achieving fast Q-switching in laser cavities, and illustrates examples of several specific laser systems used in industry and scientific research. This important book: * Provides a comprehensive background in material physics, optics, and spectroscopy * Details examples of specific laser systems used in industry and scientific research including helium/neon laser, copper vapor laser, hydrogen-fluoride chemical laser, dye lasers, and diode lasers * Presents a basic overview of the laser and its comprising components * Elaborates on several important subjects in laser beams optics: divergence modes, lens transitions, and crossing of anisotropic crystals Written for research scientists and students in the fields of laser science and technology and materials optical spectroscopy, Physics, Optics, and Spectroscopy of Materials covers knowledge gaps for concepts including oscillator strength, allowed and forbidden transitions between electronic and vibrational states, Raman scattering, and group-theoretical states nomenclature.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 544
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. August 2022
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119768753
• Artikelnr.: 65464357

Autorenporträt

Zeev Burshtein, Ph.D., is a retiree of the Nuclear Research Center, Negev (NRCN). He currently teaches and instructs graduate and Ph.D. students in the Materials Engineering department, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel. He served as chief advisor of the Israeli Minister of Science and Technology, has authored and co-authored 90 papers in the areas covered by this book, over 30 proprietary scientific and technical reports of the NRCN, and (along with others) registered 7 patents in the field of x-ray technology.

Inhaltsangabe

Introduction XIII

1 Electromagnetic Radiation/Matter Interaction - A Classical Approach 1

1.1 Electromagnetic Radiation by Atoms and Molecules 1

1.2 Spectral Line Widths 5

1.2.1 Natural Width 5

1.2.2 Doppler Broadening 7

1.2.3 Additional Broadening Mechanisms 9

1.3 Electromagnetic Radiation Absorption by Atoms and Molecules 10

1.4 Radiation Scattering by Atoms and Molecules 14

1.5 Reminder: Multipole Moments Expansion 18

Exercises for Chapter 1 20

2 Electromagnetic Radiation/Matter Interaction - A Semi-Quantum Approach 21

2.1 A Reminder of Perturbation Theory 21

2.1.1 Static Perturbation Theory 21

2.1.2 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory 23

2.2 A Reminder of Planck's Black-Body Radiation 26

2.3 An Atom or Molecule in an Electromagnetic Radiation Field 28

2.4 Stimulated Emission and Einstein's Coefficients 30

2.5 Radiation Absorption and Amplification in Matter 32

2.6 Black Body Radiation - Continuation and Completion 36

Exercises for Chapter 2 39

3 The Hydrogen Atom - Electrostatic Attraction Approximation 41

3.1 De Broglie Waves and Schrödinger's Equation 41

3.2 Differential Operators and Physical Quantities 44

3.3 Schrödinger Equation Solution for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atoms 45

3.4 Physical Meanings of Schrödinger Equation Solutions for Hydrogen-Like Atoms 55

3.5 Spectroscopy of Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atoms 60

3.6 Selection Rules 61

Exercises for Chapter 3 64

4 Hydrogen Atom - Corrections to the Electrostatic Attraction Approximation 67

4.1 Angular Momentum and the Orbital Quantum Number 67

4.2 Mechanical Relativistic Correction to the Eigenenergies of the Hydrogen Atom 71

4.3 Electron Spinning 72

4.3.1 Infinitesimal Rotations and the Angular Momentum Operator 73

4.3.2 Generalization of the Angular Momentum Concept 75

4.3.2.1 Basis Functions Properties 75

4.3.2.2 Eigenvalues of the J 2 Operator 76

4.3.2.3 Matrix Elements of Angular Momentum Operators 77

4.3.2.4 Electron Spin 77

4.4 Combining Orbital Angular Momentum and Spin 80

4.5 Gyromagnetic Ratio and Spin/Orbit Coupling 82

4.5.1 The Gyromagnetic Ratio 82

4.5.2 Spin/Orbit Interaction 83

4.5.2.1 Electric Dipole of a Moving Magnetic Dipole 83

4.5.2.2 Thomas Precession 84

4.5.2.3 Total Spin/Orbit Coupling 85

4.5.3 Summed Energy Spectrum Correction 85

4.6 Landé Factor 86

4.7 Lamb Shift 87

4.8 Selection Rules and Transition Probabilities 91

4.9 Static External Magnetic and Electric Fields: Zeeman and Stark Effects 95

4.9.1 Zeeman Splitting 95

4.9.1.1 Weak Magnetic Field 95

4.9.1.2 Strong Magnetic Field 97

4.9.2 Stark Splitting 98

4.9.2.1 Ground State; First-Order Perturbation Theory 98

4.9.2.2 Ground State; Second-Order Perturbation Theory 98

4.9.2.3 First Excited State; First-Order Perturbation Theory 101

4.10 The Fine Structure 103

4.10.1 Isotope Shifting 103

4.10.2 Nuclear Magnetic Shifting 104

4.10.3 Nuclear Quadrupole Shifting 104

4.11 Appendix: Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients for Coupling of Two Angular Momentums 104

Exercises for Chapter 4 104

5 Many-Electron Atoms 107

5.1 Preamble 107

5.2 Helium-Like Atoms 107

5.2.1 Zero-Order Approximation under the Independent Electron Model 108

5.2.2 First-Orde