Plastics Process Analysis, Instrumentation, and Control (eBook, ePUB)

Redaktion: Fink, Johannes Karl

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

This book focuses on plastics process analysis, instrumentation for modern manufacturing in the plastics industry. Process analysis is the starting point since plastics processing is different from processing of metals, ceramics, and other materials. Plastics materials show unique behavior in terms of heat transfer, fluid flow, viscoelastic behavior, and a dependence of the previous time, temperature and shear history which determines how the material responds during processing and its end use. Many of the manufacturing processes are continuous or cyclical in nature. The systems are flow systems in which the process variables, such as time, temperature, position, melt and hydraulic pressure, must be controlled to achieve a satisfactory product which is typically specified by critical dimensions and physical properties which vary with the processing conditions. Instrumentation has to be selected so that it survives the harsh manufacturing environment of high pressures, temperatures and shear rates, and yet it has to have a fast response to measure the process dynamics. At many times the measurements have to be in a non-contact mode so as not to disturb the melt or the finished product. Plastics resins are reactive systems. The resins will degrade if the process conditions are not controlled. Analysis of the process allows one to strategize how to minimize degradation and optimize end-use properties.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 416
• Erscheinungstermin: 2. März 2021
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119795773
• Artikelnr.: 61314923

Autorenporträt

Johannes Karl Fink is Professor of Macromolecular Chemistry at Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria. His industry and academic career spans more than 30 years in the fields of polymers, and his research interests include characterization, flame retardancy, thermodynamics and the degradation of polymers, pyrolysis, and adhesives. Professor Fink has published 20 books on physical chemistry and polymer science with the Wiley-Scrivener imprint, including A Concise Introduction to Additives for Thermoplastic Polymers, The Chemistry of Biobased Polymers, 2nd edition, 3D Industrial Printing with Polymers, The Chemistry of Environmental Engineering and Flame Retardants.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface i

1 General Aspects 1

1.1 Subjects of the Book 1

1.2 Special Issues 2

1.3 Injection Molding 3

1.3.1 Cost Estimation in Injection Molding 3

1.3.2 Cost Prediction Models 4

1.4 Miniature Molding Processes 6

1.5 Computer Determination of Weld Lines in Injection Molding 6

1.6 Extrusion Blow Molding 8

1.6.1 Rapid Thermal Cycling Molding 8

1.6.2 Rapid Heat Cycle Molding 8

1.6.3 Injection Molding: Heating 16

1.7 Microcellular Injection Molding 22

1.8 Mold Cooling 23

1.9 Microcellular Foam Processing System 27

1.9.1 Gas-Assisted Injection Molding 27

1.9.2 Water-Assisted Injection Molding 32

1.10 Molding Machine for Granules 32

1.11 Foam Curing of Footwear 33

1.12 Injection Compression Molding 35

1.13 Hot Press System 35

1.14 Stamper Mold 38

1.14.1 Recoding Media 38

1.14.2 Microscopic Structured Body 39

1.15 Plastic Waste 42

1.15.1 Marine Pollution 43

1.15.2 Human Health Effects 45

1.15.3 Recycling 45

References 57

2 Process Analysis 65

2.1 Concepts and Strategies 66

2.1.1 Chemometrics 67

2.1.2 Safety Risks 68

2.1.3 Feedback Procedures 68

2.2 Linear Systems 68

2.2.1 Simple First-Order Systems 68

2.2.2 Fractional Order Systems 69

2.2.3 Nonlinear Systems and Linearization 69

2.2.4 Characteristics of Systems 75

2.2.5 Controllers and Controller Settings 84

2.3 Twin-Screw Extrusion 91

References 92

3 Examples of Process Analysis 99

3.1 Greenhouse Gas Balance 99

3.1.1 Poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate) 99

3.1.2 Polyester Binder 100

3.2 Injection Molding Technology 101

3.2.1 Module for CAD Modeling of the Part 103

3.2.2 Module forNumerical Simulation of Injection Molding Process 104

3.2.3 Module for Calculation of Parameters of Injection Molding and Mold Design Calculation and Selection 105

3.2.4 Module for Mold Modeling 106

3.2.5 Examples of Testing 107

3.2.6 Molding Air Cooling 108

3.2.7 Cavity Pressure 109

3.2.8 Plastics Extruder Dynamics 110

3.2.9 History of Mathematical Modeling 110

3.2.10 Current Physical Components Concept 112

3.2.11 Process Stages 112

3.2.12 Data Envelopment Analysis 116

3.2.13 Taguchi Method 118

3.2.14 Tait Model 119

3.2.15 Phan-Thien-Tanner Model 121

3.2.16 Product Quality Prognosis 121

3.2.17 Production Predictive Control 122

3.2.18 Parameter Optimization for Energy Saving 123

3.2.19 Multilayer Control System 124

3.2.20 Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method 125

3.2.21 Temperature-Dependent Adaptive Control 126

3.2.22 Micro-Injection Molding 128

3.2.23 Immiscible Polymer Blends 131

3.2.24 Resin Injection Molding 133

3.2.25 Foam Injection Molding 137

3.2.26 Self-Optimizing Injection Molding Process 138

3.2.27 Machine Setup 140

3.3 Shrinkage in Injection Molding 146

3.3.1 Factors that Affect the Shrinkage 146

3.3.2 Effect of a Cooling System 147

3.3.3 Influence of Molding Conditions on the Shrinkage and Roundness 148

3.3.4 Shear Viscosity 148

3.3.5 In-Situ Shrinkage Sensor 149

3.3.6 Semicrystalline Polymer 151

3.3.7 Thermoplastic Elastomers 151

3.3.8 Re