Political Parties (eBook, ePUB)

A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy
Redaktion: Michels, Robert

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

The principle of self-government through political parties, the cornerstone of democracy, has come to be regarded as a solution to the problem of nationality

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Taylor & Francis
• Seitenzahl: 379
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. Juli 2017
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781351498845
• Artikelnr.: 48866814

Autorenporträt

Kathleen A. Roskos

Inhaltsangabe

Introduction
Causes of Leadership: Introductory-The Need for Organization
2: A. Technical and Administrative Causes of Leadership: Mechanical and Technical Impossibility of Direct Government by the Masses
3: A. Technical and Administrative Causes of Leadership: The Modern Democratic Party as a Fighting Party, Dominated by Militarist Ideas and Methods
1: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Establishment of a Customary Right to the Office of Delegate
2: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Need for Leadership Felt by the Mass
3: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Political Gratitude of the Masses
4: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Cult of Veneration Among the Masses
5: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: Acessory Qualities Requisite to Leadership
6: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: Accessory Peculiarities of the Masses
1: C. Intellectual Factors: Superiority of the Professional Leaders in Respect to Culture, and Their Indispensa-bility
the Formal and Real Incompetence of the Mass
Two: Autocratic Tendencies of Leaders
1: The Stability of Leadership
2: The Financial Power of the Leaders and of the Party
3: The Leaders and the Press
4: The Position of the Leaders in Relation to the Masses in Actual Practice
5: The Struggle Between the Leaders and the Masses
6: The Struggle Among the Leaders Themselves
7: Bureaucracy. Centralizing and Decentralizing Tendencies
Three: The Exercise of Power and Its Psychological Reaction upon the Leaders
1: Psychological Metamorphosis of the Leaders
2: Bonapartist Ideology
3: Identification of the Party with the Leader ("Le Parti c'est Moi")
Four: Social Analysis of Leadership
1: Introductory. The Class Struggle and Its Disintegrating Influence upon the Bourgeoisie
2: Analysis of the Bourgeois Elements in the Socialist Leadership
3: Social Changes Resulting from Organization
4: The Need for the Differentiation of the Working Class
5: Labor Leaders of Proletarian Origin
6: Intellectuals, and the Need for Them in the Working-Class Parties
Five: Attempts to Restrict the Influence of the Leaders
1: The Referendum
2: The Postulate of Renunciation
3: Syndicalism as Prophylactic
4: Anarchism as Prophylactic
Six: Synthesis: The Oligarchical Tendencies of Organization
1: The Conservative Basis of Organization
2: Democracy and the Iron Law of Oligarchy
3: Party-Life in War-Time
4: Final Considerations