J. M. G. Cowie, Valeria Arrighi

Polymers (eBook, ePUB)

Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, Third Edition

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Underscoring the multidisciplinary nature of polymer science, this third edition provides a broad-based and comprehensive text at an introductory, reader-friendly level.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Taylor & Francis
• Erscheinungstermin: 27. Juli 2007
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781040063125
• Artikelnr.: 72248652

Autorenporträt

J.M.G. Cowie, Valeria Arrighi

Inhaltsangabe

Introduction
Birth of a Concept
Some Basic Definitions
Synthesis of Polymers
Nomenclature
Average Molar Masses and Distributions
Size and Shape
Configuration
The Glass Transition Temperature Tg and the Melting Temperature Tm
Elastomers, Fibers, and Plastics
Fiber-Forming Polymers
Plastics
Thermosetting Polymers
Elastomers

Step-Growth Polymerization
General Reactions
Reactivity of Functional Groups
Carothers Equation
Control of the Molar Mass
Stoichiometric Control of Mn
Kinetics
Molar Mass Distribution in Linear Systems
Average Molar Masses
Characteristics of Step-Growth Polymerization
Typical Step-Growth Reactions
Ring Formation
Nonlinear Step-Growth Reactions
Statistical Derivation
Comparison with Experiment
Polyurethanes
Thermosetting Polymers

Free-Radical Addition Polymerization
Addition Polymerization
Choice of Initiators
Free-Radical Polymerization
Initiators
Chain Growth
Termination
Steady-State Kinetics
High-Conversion Bulk Polymerizations
Chain Transfer
Inhibitors and Retarders
Activation Energies and the Effect of Temperature
Thermodynamics of Radical Polymerization
Heats of Polymerization
Polymerization Processes
Features of Free-Radical Polymerization
Controlled Radical Polymerization
Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerizations
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP
Reverse ATRP
Degenerative Chain Transfer Reaction (DT)
Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT)
CRP of Vinyl Chloride
The Kinetics of CRP Processes
Application to Experimental Data

Ionic Polymerization
General Characteristics
Cationic Polymerization
Propagation by Cationic Chain Carriers
Termination
General Kinetic Scheme
Energetics of Cationic Polymerization
Telechelic Polymers via Cationic Polymerization
Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization
Stable Carbocations
Anionic Polymerization
Living Polymers
Kinetics and Molar Mass Distribution in Living Anionic Systems
Metal Alkyl Initiators
Solvent and Gegen Ion Effects
Anionic Ring-opening Polymerization

Linear Copolymers and Other Architectures
General Characteristics
Composition Drift
The Copolymer Equation
Monomer Reactivity Ratios
Reactivity Ratios and Copolymer Structure
Monomer Reactivities and Chain Initiation
Influence of Structural Effects on Monomer Reactivity Ratios
The Q-e Scheme
Alternating Copolymers
Block Copolymer Synthesis
Graft Copolymer Synthesis
Statistical and Gradient Copolymers
Complex Molecular Architectures
Dendrimers

Polymer Stereochemistry
Architecture
Orientation
Configuration
Geometric Isomerism
Conformation of Stereoregular Polymers
Factors Influencing Stereoregulation
Homogeneous Stereospecific Cationic Polymerizations
Homogeneous Stereoselective Anionic Polymerizations
Homogeneous Diene Polymerization
Summary

Polymerization Reactions Initiated by Metal Catalysts and Transfer Reactions
Polymerization Using Ziegler-Natta Catalysts
Nature of Catalyst
Nature of Active Centers
Bimetallic Mechanism
Monometallic Mechanism
Stereoregulation
Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)
Monocyclic Monomers
Bicyclo- and Tricyclomonomers
Copolyalkenamers
Living Systems
Group Transfer Polymerization (GTP)
Aldol Group Transfer Polymerization
Metallocene Catalysts
Concluding Remarks

Polymers in Solution
Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions
Ideal Mixtures of Small Molecules
Nonideal Solutions
Flory-Huggins Theory: Entropy of Mixing
Enthalpy Change on Mixing
Free Energy of Mixing
Limitations of the Flory-Huggins Theory
Phase Equilibria
Flory-Krigbaum Theory
Location of the Theta Temperature
Lower Critical Solution Temperatures
Solubility and the Cohesive Energy Density
Polymer-Polymer Mixtures
Kinetics of Phase Separation

Polymer Characterization - Molar Masses
Introduction
Molar Masses, Molecular Weights, and SI Units
Number-Average Molar Mass Mn
End-Group Assay
Colligative Properties of Solutions
Osmotic Pressure
Light Scattering
Dy