Jim Fowler, Philip Jarvis, Mel Chevannes

Practical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Now in its second edition, Practical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care provides a sound foundation for nursing, midwifery and other health care students and early career professionals, guiding readers through the often daunting subject of statistics 'from scratch'. Making no assumptions about one's existing knowledge, the text develops in complexity as the material and concepts become more familiar, allowing readers to build the confidence and skills to apply various formula and techniques to their own data. The authors explain common methods of interpreting data sets and explore basic statistical principles that enable nurses and health care professionals to decide on suitable treatment, as well as equipping readers with the tools to critically appraise clinical trials and epidemiology journals. * Offers information on statistics presented in a clear, straightforward manner * Covers all basic statistical concepts and tests, and includes worked examples, case studies, and data sets * Provides an understanding of how data collected can be processed for the patients' benefit * Contains a new section on how to calculate and use percentiles Written for students, qualified nurses and other healthcare professionals, Practical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care is a hands-on guide to gaining rapid proficiency in statistics.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 224
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. April 2021
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119698548
• Artikelnr.: 61442166

Autorenporträt

JIM FOWLER, former Principal Lecturer, Department of Biological Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK. PHILIP JARVIS, Statistician, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. MEL CHEVANNES, Emeritus Professor of Nursing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xi

Foreword to Students xv

1 Introduction 1

1.1 What Do we Mean by Statistics? 1

1.2 Why Is Statistics Necessary? 1

1.3 The Limitations of Statistics 2

1.4 Performing Statistical Calculations 2

1.5 The Purpose of this Text 2

2 Health Care Investigations: Measurement and Sampling Concepts 5

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 Populations, Samples and Observations 5

2.3 Counting Things - The Sampling Unit 6

2.4 Sampling Strategy 6

2.5 Target and Study Populations 7

2.6 Sample Designs 7

2.7 Simple Random Sampling 8

2.8 Systematic Sampling 9

2.9 Stratified Sampling 9

2.10 Quota Sampling 10

2.11 Cluster Sampling 11

2.12 Sampling Designs - Summary 11

2.13 Statistics and Parameters 11

2.14 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 12

2.15 Parametric and Non-Parametric Statistics 12

3 Processing Data 13

3.1 Scales of Measurement 13

3.2 The Nominal Scale 13

3.3 The Ordinal Scale 14

3.4 The Interval Scale 14

3.5 The Ratio Scale 15

3.6 Conversion of Interval Observations to an Ordinal Scale 15

3.7 Derived Variables 16

3.8 Logarithms 17

3.9 The Precision of Observations 18

3.10 How Precise Should We Be? 19

3.11 The Frequency Table 19

3.12 Aggregating Frequency Classes 21

3.13 Frequency Distribution of Count Observations 23

3.14 Bivariate Data 23

4 Presenting Data 25

4.1 Introduction 25

4.2 Dot Plot or Line Plot 25

4.3 Bar Graph 26

4.4 Histogram 28

4.5 Frequency Polygon and Frequency Curve 29

4.6 Centiles and Growth Charts 29

4.7 Scattergram 32

4.8 Circle or Pie Graph 32

5 Clinical Trials 35

5.1 Introduction 35

5.2 The Nature of Clinical Trials 35

5.3 Clinical Trial Designs 36

5.4 Psychological Effects and Blind Trials 37

5.5 Historical Controls 38

5.6 Ethical Issues 38

5.7 Case Study: Leicestershire Electroconvulsive Therapy Study 38

5.8 Summary 40

6 Introduction to Epidemiology 41

6.1 Introduction 41

6.2 Measuring Disease 42

6.3 Study Designs - Cohort Studies 43

6.4 Study Designs - Case-Control Studies 45

6.5 Cohort or Case-Control Study? 46

6.6 Choice of Comparison Group 46

6.7 Confounding 47

6.8 Summary 48

7 Measuring the Average 49

7.1 What Is an Average? 49

7.2 The Mean 49

7.3 Calculating the Mean of Grouped Data 51

7.4 The Median - A Resistant Statistic 52

7.5 The Median of a Frequency Distribution 53

7.6 The Mode 54

7.7 Relationship between Mean, Median and Mode 55

8 Measuring Variability 57

8.1 Variability 57

8.2 The Range 57

8.3 The Standard Deviation 58

8.4 Calculating the Standard Deviation 59

8.5 Calculating the Standard Deviation from Grouped Data 60

8.6 Variance 61

8.7 An Alternative Formula for Calculating the Variance and Standard Deviation 61

8.8 Degrees of Freedom 62

8.9 The Coefficient of Variation 63

9 Probability and the Normal Curve 65

9.1 The Meaning of Probability 65

9.2 Compound Probabilities 66

9.3 Critical Probability 67

9.4 Probability Distribution 68

9.5 The Normal Curve 69

Rezensionen

"The language is friendly and puts the reader at ease ....This book provides comprehensive coverage of an area that is important to all health care professionals. (Nursing Times, 28 March 2002)

"...a plain English guide...to facilitate both learning and reference..." (Nurse Education Today, No.23,2003)

"...helpful in enabling nurses to appraise empirical research and utilise research in their practice..." (Primary Health Care, October 2003)

"...provides clear explanations of the statistical concepts and illustrates these using relevant nursing scenarios..." (Practice Nurse, Friday 16 January, 2004)

"...provides a basic foundation of statistics...good resource for nurses...very user friendly..." (Oncology Nursing Forum, Vol31(2), 2004)