David Brusick

Principles of Genetic Toxicology (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

The field of genetic toxicology is a relatively new one which grew out of the studies of chemical mutagenesis and modern toxicology. Considering that systematic practices to detect chemical mutagenesis are only a little over thirty years old, this field has evolved very rapidly with an abundance of methods for identifying chemical mutagens. To evalulate the usefulness of the methods and to select the assay which will yield the most important information under practical conditions requires the broad experience such as that which Dr. Brusick has acquired over the last decade. Since this field is expanding very rapidly and new test ing methods are being recognized, it should be kept in mind that revisions may have to be made during the next five to ten years. The need for such a book has been obvious to us, particularly since training courses and workshops on genetic toxicology are being organized which find it beneficial to utilize established guidelines and since the reports in the literature do not always describe in detail how the work was carried out during laboratory testing. In addition to his broad background in genetics, Dr. Brusick has had much practical experience, having organized and directed the most extensive laboratory for mutagen testing. I am most pleased to see this volume, for which there is an ever-increasing need. Alexander Hollaender Associated Universities, Inc. 1717 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer New York
• Seitenzahl: 280
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Dezember 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781461576617
• Artikelnr.: 44042765

Inhaltsangabe

1 Origins of Genetic Toxicology.- The History of Genetic Toxicology.- Technology Transfer to Applied Genetics.- The Components of Genetic Toxicology.- References.- 2 Fundamentals of Genetic Toxicology.- Basic Genetics for Toxicologists.- DNA Alterations Resulting in Genotoxic Effects in Cells: Mechanisms and Categorization.- References.- 3 The Consequences of Genotoxic Effects in Humans and Other Mammals.- Gene Pool Consequences.- The Direct Effect of Mutagens on the Transmissible Gene Pool.- The Relationship of Genotoxic Effects to Other Toxicologic End Points.- Relationship of Potency between Mutagenicity Assays and in Vivo Oncogenicity.- References.- 4 Screening Chemicals for Genotoxic Properties.- and Background.- Characteristics of Adequate Screening Tests.- Strategies for Test Battery Development.- Interpretation of Data from Screening Tests.- References.- 5 Genetic Risk Estimation.- Definition of Risk.- Risk Estimation in Somatic and Germ Cells.- Molecular Dosimetry of Chemical Mutagens.- Measuring the Genotoxic Effect.- Approaches to Germ Cell Risk Using Animal Models.- Extrapolating Data from Short-Term Tests to Humans.- Extrapolation of in Vitro Data Directly to in Vivo Responses.- Threshold.- References.- 6 Applications of Genetic Toxicology to Environmental and Human Monitoring.- Monitoring Techniques.- References.- 7 The Genetic Toxicology Laboratory.- General Laboratory Areas.- Chemical Storage and Waste Disposal.- Laboratory Safety and Employee Monitoring.- Good Laboratory Practices Requirements.- References.- 8 Descriptions of Genetic Toxicology Assays.- General Classification of Genetic Toxicology Assays.- Description of Common Assays for Gene Mutation.- Tests for Chromosome Aberrations.- Microbial.- Tests for Primary DNA Damage.- References.- 9 SampleStudy Designs.- Selected Study Designs.- Protocol I: Ames Salmonella/Microsome Plate Assay.- References.- Protocol 2: Mitotic Recombination in S. cerevisiae Strain D3.- Protocol 3: Mitotic Gene Conversion in S. cerevisiae Strain D4.- Protocol 4: Mitotic Recombination in S. cerevisiae Strain D5.- Dosing Procedure.- Method.- Evaluation Criteria.- References.- Protocol 5: L5178Y TK+/?Mouse Lymphoma Forward Mutation Assay.- Protocol 6: Chromosome Aberrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells.- Protocol 7: Sister Chromatid Exchange in Human Lymphocytes.- Protocol 8: Sister Chromatid Exchange in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells.- Protocol 9: Determination of Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Human WI-38 Cells.- Protocol 10: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Rat Liver Primary Cell Cultures.- Protocol 11: In Vitro Transformation of BALB/3T3 Cells.- Protocol 12: Microbial Host-Mediated Assay.- Protocol 13: Bone Marrow Cytogenetic Analysis in Rats.- Protocol 14: Dominant Lethal Assay in Rats.- Protocol 15: Heritable Translocation Assay in Mice.- Protocol 16: Mouse Micronucleus Assay.- Protocol 17: Mouse Sperm head Abnormalities.- Protocol 18: Somatic Mutation Assay in the Mouse (Spot Test).- Protocol 19: Test for Loss of X and Y Chromosomes in D. melanogaster.- Protocol 20: Heritable Translocation Test in D. melanogaster.- Protocol 21: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in D. melanogaster.- Appendices.- Appendix A: Preparation of S9 Liver Homogenates.- Induction of Microsomal Enzymes.- Preparation of the S9 Fraction.- Preparation of the S9 Mix.- References.- References.- Appendix C: Selected References and Reviews of Genetics and Genetic Toxicology.