Charles A. Bennett

Principles of Physical Optics (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

An intuitive and accessible approach to the fundamentals of physical optics In the newly revised Second Edition of Principles of Physical Optics, eminent researcher Dr. Charles A. Bennet delivers an intuitive and practical text designed for a one-semester, introductory course in optics. The book helps readers build a firm foundation in physical optics and gain valuable, practical experience with a range of mathematical applications, including matrix methods, Fourier analysis, and complex algebra. This latest edition is thoroughly updated and offers 20% more worked examples and 50% more homework problems than the First Edition. Only knowledge of standard introductory sequences in calculus and calculus-based physics is assumed, with the included mathematics limited to what is necessary to adequately address the subject matter. The book provides additional materials on optical imaging and nonlinear optics and dispersion for use in an accelerated course. It also offers: * A thorough introduction to the physics of waves, including the one-dimensional wave equation and transverse traveling waves on a string * Comprehensive explorations of electromagnetic waves and photons, including introductory material on electromagnetism and electromagnetic wave equations * Practical discussions of reflection and refraction, including Maxwell's equations at an interface and the Fresnel equations * In-depth examinations of geometric optics, as well as superposition, interference, and diffraction Perfect for advanced undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, and materials science, Principles of Physical Optics also belongs on the bookshelves of engineering students seeking a one-stop introduction to physical optics.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 592
• Erscheinungstermin: 27. Juni 2022
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119801818
• Artikelnr.: 64262437

Autorenporträt

Charles A. Bennett, PhD, is Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of North Carolina at Asheville and former Director of the UNCA Center for Teaching and Learning. Since 1983, he has collaborated with Oak Ridge National Laboratory. His research is focused on quantum optics, physical optics, and laser applications in environmental and fusion energy problems.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

1 The Physics of Waves 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 One-Dimensional Wave Equation 1

1.3 General Solutions to the 1D Wave Equation 3

1.4 Harmonic Traveling Waves 5

1.5 The Principle of Superposition 7

1.5.1 Periodic Traveling Waves 7

1.5.2 Linear Independence 7

1.6 Complex Numbers and the Complex Representation 8

1.6.1 Complex Algebra 9

1.6.2 The Complex Representation of Harmonic Waves 11

1.7 The Three-Dimensional Wave Equation 12

1.7.1 Spherical Coordinates 13

1.7.2 Three-Dimensional Plane Waves 13

1.7.3 Spherical Waves 15

Problems 16

2 Electromagnetic Waves and Photons 23

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 Electromagnetism 23

2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Equations 29

2.3.1 Transverse Electromagnetic Waves 31

2.3.2 Energy Flow and the Poynting Vector 33

2.3.3 Irradiance 34

2.4 Photons 37

2.4.1 Single-Photon Interference 41

2.5 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 42

Problems 43

3 Reflection and Refraction 51

3.1 Introduction 51

3.2 Overview of Reflection and Refraction 51

3.2.1 Fermat's Principle of Least Time 55

3.3 Maxwell's Equations at an Interface 57

3.3.1 Boundary Conditions 57

3.3.2 Electromagnetic Waves at an Interface 58

3.4 The Fresnel Equations 60

3.4.1 Incident Wave Polarized Normal to the Plane of Incidence 61

3.4.2 Incident Wave Polarized Parallel to the Plane of Incidence 63

3.5 Interpretation of the Fresnel Equations 65

3.5.1 Normal Incidence 66

3.5.2 Brewster's Angle 66

3.5.3 Total Internal Reflection 68

3.5.4 Plots of the Fresnel Equations vs. Incident Angle 71

3.5.5 Phase Changes on Reflection 72

3.5.5.1 Summary 75

3.6 Reflectivity and Transmissivity 75

3.6.1 Plots of Reflectivity and Transmissivity vs. Incident Angle 78

3.6.2 The Evanescent Wave 79

3.7 Scattering 81

3.7.1 Atmospheric Scattering 82

3.7.2 Rainbows 82

3.7.3 Parhelia 85

3.8 Optical Materials 86

3.9 Dispersion 86

3.9.1 Dispersion in Dielectric Media 86

3.9.1.1 Nonconducting Gases 92

3.9.2 Dispersion in Conducting Media 94

3.9.2.1 Reflection from Conductors 97

Problems 100

4 Geometric Optics I 107

4.1 Introduction 107

4.2 Reflection and Refraction at Aspheric Surfaces 107

4.3 Reflection and Refraction at a Spherical Surface 112

4.3.1 The Paraxial Approximation 112

4.3.2 Spherical Reflecting Surfaces 113

4.3.2.1 Sign Conventions for Reflecting Surfaces 114

4.3.3 Spherical Refracting Surfaces 115

4.3.4 Sign Conventions and Ray Diagrams 117

4.4 Lens Combinations 121

4.4.1 Thin Lenses in Close Combination 122

4.5 Optical Instruments 123

4.5.1 The Camera 123

4.5.2 The Eye 124

4.5.3 The Magnifying Glass 125

4.5.4 The Compound Microscope 126

4.5.5 The Telescope 127

4.5.6 The Exit Pupil 128

4.6 Optical Fibers 129

Problems 133

5 Geometric Optics II 139

5.1 Introduction 139

5.2 Aberrations 139

5.2.1 Chromatic Aberration 139

5.2.2 Spherical Aberration 143

5.2.3 Astigmatism and Coma 143

5.2.4 Field Curvature 143

5.2.5 Diffraction 144