S. Jane Flint, Vincent R. Racaniello, Glenn F. Rall, Theodora Hatziioannou, Anna Marie Skalka

Principles of Virology, Volume 2 (eBook, ePUB)

Pathogenesis and Control

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Principles of Virology, the leading virology textbook in use, is an extremely valuable and highly informative presentation of virology at the interface of modern cell biology and immunology. This text utilizes a uniquely rational approach by highlighting common principles and processes across all viruses. Using a set of representative viruses to illustrate the breadth of viral complexity, students are able to under-stand viral reproduction and pathogenesis and are equipped with the necessary tools for future encounters with new or understudied viruses. This fifth edition was updated to keep pace with the ever-changing field of virology. In addition to the beloved full-color illustrations, video interviews with leading scientists, movies, and links to exciting blogposts on relevant topics, this edition includes study questions and active learning puzzles in each chapter, as well as short descriptions regarding the key messages of references of special interest. Volume I: Molecular Biology focuses on the molecular processes of viral reproduction, from entry through release. Volume II: Pathogenesis and Control addresses the interplay between viruses and their host organisms, on both the micro- and macroscale, including chapters on public health, the immune response, vaccines and other antiviral strategies, viral evolution, and a brand new chapter on the therapeutic uses of viruses. These two volumes can be used for separate courses or together in a single course. Each includes a unique appendix, glossary, and links to internet resources. Principles of Virology, Fifth Edition, is ideal for teaching the strategies by which all viruses reproduce, spread within a host, and are maintained within populations. This edition carefully reflects the results of extensive vetting and feedback received from course instructors and students, making this renowned textbook even more appropriate for undergraduate and graduate courses in virology, microbiology, and infectious diseases.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: For Dummies
• Seitenzahl: 528
• Erscheinungstermin: 2. September 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781683673590
• Artikelnr.: 60113021

Autorenporträt

Jane Flint is Professor Emerita of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. Dr. Flint's research focused on investigation of the mechanisms by which viral gene products modulate host pathways and antiviral defenses to allow efficient reproduction in normal human cells of adenoviruses, viruses that are used in such therapeutic applications as gene transfer and cancer treatment. Vincent R. Racaniello is Higgins Professor of Microbiology & Immunology at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons. Dr. Racaniello has been studying viruses for over 40 years, including polio- virus, rhinovirus, enteroviruses, hepatitis C virus, and Zika virus. He blogs about virus-es at virology.ws and is host of This Week in Virology. Glenn F. Rall is a Professor and the Chief Academic Officer at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, and is an Adjunct Professor in the Microbiology and Immunology departments at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as Thomas Jefferson, Drexel, and Temple Universities. Dr. Rall studies viral infections of the brain and the immune responses to those infections, with the goal of defining how viruses contribute to disease. Theodora Hatziioannou is a Research Associate Professor at Rockefeller University and is actively involved in teaching programs at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Dr. Hatziioannou has worked on multiple viruses with a focus on retroviruses and the molecular mechanisms that govern virus tropism and on the improvement of animal models for human disease. Anna Marie Skalka is a Professor Emerita and former Senior Vice President for Basic Research at the Fox Chase Cancer Center. Dr. Skalka is internationally recognized for her contributions to the understanding of the biochemical mechanisms by which retroviruses replicate and insert their genetic material into the host genome, as well as her research into other molecular aspects of retrovirus biology.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xxi

About the Authors xxiii

Key of Repetitive Elements xxv

1 Infections of Populations: History and Epidemiology 2

Introduction to Viral Pathogenesis 3

A Brief History of Viral Pathogenesis 4

The Relationships among Microbes and the Diseases They Cause 4

The First Human Viruses Identified and the Role of Serendipity 5

New Methods Facilitate the Study of Viruses as Causes of Disease 7

Viral Epidemics in History 8

Epidemics Shaped History: the 1793 Yellow Fever Epidemic in Philadelphia 9

Tracking Epidemics by Sequencing: West Nile Virus Spread to the Western Hemisphere 10

Zoonotic Infections and Epidemics Caused by "New" Viruses 11

The Economic Toll of Viral Epidemics in Livestock 12

Population Density and World Travel Are Accelerators of Viral Transmission 12

Focus on Frontline Health Care: Ebolavirus in Africa 12

Emergence of a Birth Defect Associated with Infection: Zika Virus in Brazil 13

Epidemiology 14

Fundamental Concepts 14

Methods Used by Epidemiologists 17

Surveillance 17

Network Theory and Practical Applications 20

Parameters That Govern the Ability of a Virus to Infect a Population 20

Geography and Population Density 20

Climate 23

Perspectives 26

References 27

Study Questions 28

2 Barriers to Infection 30

Introduction 31

An Overview of Infection and Immunity 31

A Game of Chess Played by Masters 31

Initiating an Infection 33

Successful Infections Must Modulate or Bypass Host Defenses 34

Skin 34

Respiratory Tract 35

Alimentary Tract 38

Eyes 41

Urogenital Tract 42

Placenta 42

Viral Tropism 43

Accessibility of Viral Receptors 44

Other Host-Virus

Interactions That Regulate the Infectious Cycle 44

Spread throughout the Host 45

Hematogenous Spread 47

Neural Spread 50

Organ Invasion 51

Entry into Organs with Sinusoids 51

Entry into Organs That Lack Sinusoids 51

Organs with Dense Basement Membranes 53

Skin 53

Shedding of Virus Particles 54

Respiratory Secretions 54

Saliva 55

Feces 55

Blood 56

Urine 56

Semen 56

Milk 56

Skin Lesions 56

Tears 56

Perspectives 57

References 58

Study Questions 59

3 The Early Host Response: Cell Autonomous and Innate Immunity 60

Introduction 61

The First Critical Moments: How Do Individual Cells Detect a Virus Infection? 62

Cell Signaling Induced by Viral Entry Receptor Engagement 63

Receptor-Mediated Recognition of Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns 64

Cell-Intrinsic Defenses 70

Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) 70

Programmed Necrosis (Necroptosis) 75

Autophagy 77

Epigenetic Silencing 77

Host Proteins That Restrict Virus Reproduction (Restriction Factors) 79

RNA Interference 83

CRISPR 83

The Continuum between Intrinsic and Innate Immunity 83

Secreted Mediators of the Innate Immune Response 83

Overview of Cytokine Functions 85

Interferons, Cytokines of Early Warning and Action 86

Chemokines 94

The Innate Immune Response 96

Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells 97

Co