Toby Segaran

Programming Collective Intelligence (eBook, ePUB)

Building Smart Web 2.0 Applications

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Want to tap the power behind search rankings, product recommendations, social bookmarking, and online matchmaking? This fascinating book demonstrates how you can build Web 2.0 applications to mine the enormous amount of data created by people on the Internet. With the sophisticated algorithms in this book, you can write smart programs to access interesting datasets from other web sites, collect data from users of your own applications, and analyze and understand the data once you've found it.Programming Collective Intelligence takes you into the world of machine learning and statistics, and explains how to draw conclusions about user experience, marketing, personal tastes, and human behavior in general -- all from information that you and others collect every day. Each algorithm is described clearly and concisely with code that can immediately be used on your web site, blog, Wiki, or specialized application. This book explains:Collaborative filtering techniques that enable online retailers to recommend products or mediaMethods of clustering to detect groups of similar items in a large datasetSearch engine features -- crawlers, indexers, query engines, and the PageRank algorithmOptimization algorithms that search millions of possible solutions to a problem and choose the best oneBayesian filtering, used in spam filters for classifying documents based on word types and other featuresUsing decision trees not only to make predictions, but to model the way decisions are madePredicting numerical values rather than classifications to build price modelsSupport vector machines to match people in online dating sitesNon-negative matrix factorization to find the independent features in a datasetEvolving intelligence for problem solving -- how a computer develops its skill by improving its own code the more it plays a gameEach chapter includes exercises for extending the algorithms to make them more powerful. Go beyond simple database-backed applications and put the wealth of Internet data to work for you."e;Bravo! I cannot think of a better way for a developer to first learn these algorithms and methods, nor can I think of a better way for me (an old AI dog) to reinvigorate my knowledge of the details."e;-- Dan Russell, Google"e;Toby's book does a great job of breaking down the complex subject matter of machine-learning algorithms into practical, easy-to-understand examples that can be directly applied to analysis of social interaction across the Web today. If I had this book two years ago, it would have saved precious time going down some fruitless paths."e;-- Tim Wolters, CTO, Collective Intellect

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: O'Reilly Media
• Seitenzahl: 362
• Erscheinungstermin: 16. August 2007
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780596550684
• Artikelnr.: 37843943

Autorenporträt

Toby Segaran is the author of Programming Collective Intelligence, a very popular O'Reilly title. He was the founder of Incellico, a biotech software company later acquired by Genstruct. He currently holds the title of Data Magnate at Metaweb Technologies and is a frequent speaker at technology conferences.

Inhaltsangabe

Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface
1. Introduction to Collective Intelligence
What Is Collective Intelligence?
What Is Machine Learning?
Limits of Machine Learning
Real-Life Examples
Other Uses for Learning Algorithms
2. Making Recommendations
Collaborative Filtering
Collecting Preferences
Finding Similar Users
Recommending Items
Matching Products
Building a del.icio.us Link Recommender
Item-Based Filtering
Using the MovieLens Dataset
User-Based or Item-Based Filtering?
Exercises
3. Discovering Groups
Supervised versus Unsupervised Learning
Word Vectors
Hierarchical Clustering
Drawing the Dendrogram
Column Clustering
K-Means Clustering
Clusters of Preferences
Viewing Data in Two Dimensions
Other Things to Cluster
Exercises
4. Searching and Ranking
What's in a Search Engine?
A Simple Crawler
Building the Index
Querying
Content-Based Ranking
Using Inbound Links
Learning from Clicks
Exercises
5. Optimization
Group Travel
Representing Solutions
The Cost Function
Random Searching
Hill Climbing
Simulated Annealing
Genetic Algorithms
Real Flight Searches
Optimizing for Preferences
Network Visualization
Other Possibilities
Exercises
6. Document Filtering
Filtering Spam
Documents and Words
Training the Classifier
Calculating Probabilities
A Naïve Classifier
The Fisher Method
Persisting the Trained Classifiers
Filtering Blog Feeds
Improving Feature Detection
Using Akismet
Alternative Methods
Exercises
7. Modeling with Decision Trees
Predicting Signups
Introducing Decision Trees
Training the Tree
Choosing the Best Split
Recursive Tree Building
Displaying the Tree
Classifying New Observations
Pruning the Tree
Dealing with Missing Data
Dealing with Numerical Outcomes
Modeling Home Prices
Modeling "Hotness"
When to Use Decision Trees
Exercises
8. Building Price Models
Building a Sample Dataset
k-Nearest Neighbors
Weighted Neighbors
Cross-Validation
Heterogeneous Variables
Optimizing the Scale
Uneven Distributions
Using Real Data-the eBay API
When to Use k-Nearest Neighbors
Exercises
9. Advanced Classification: Kernel Methods and SVMs
Matchmaker Dataset
Difficulties with the Data
Basic Linear Classification
Categorical Features
Scaling the Data
Understanding Kernel Methods
Support-Vector Machines
Using LIBSVM
Matching on Facebook
Exercises
10. Finding Independent Features
A Corpus of News
Previous Approaches
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
Displaying the Results
Using Stock Market Data
Exercises
11. Evolving Intelligence
What Is Genetic Programming?
Programs As Trees
Creating the Initial Population
Testing a Solution
Mutating Programs
Crossover
Building the Environment
A Simple Game
Further Possibilities
Exercises
12. Algorithm Summary
Bayesian Classifier
Decision Tree Classifier
Neural Networks
Support-Vector Machines
k-Nearest Neighbors
Clustering
Multidimensional Scaling
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
Optimization
A. Third-Party Libraries
B. Mathematical Formulas
Index

Rezensionen

"Das Buch ist einfach spannend! Es behandelt klassische KI-Themen im Rahmen von Web 2.0-Anwendungen, also Filtertechniken, Clustering, Mustererkennung, Ranking, Optimierungsprobleme, Entscheidungsbäume bis hin zu genetischer Programmierung, neuronalen Netzen und vieles mehr. Und jedes Kapitel wird mit mindestens einer vollständigen und lauffähigen Anwendung illustriert, die in Python geschrieben ist. [...] Wenn man ein wenig Interesse an Themen der Künstlichen Intelligenz hat und ein paar Grundkenntnisse in Mathematik und Statistik besitzt, ist das Buch ein wirklicher Gewinn." - a href="http://www.schockwellenreiter.de/2007/09/03.html#ichHabeGelesenProgrammingCollectiveIntelligence" target="_blank">schockwellenreiter.de, September 2007