Robert A. Fjeld, Timothy A. Devol, Nicole E. Martinez

Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

An updated edition of the foundational guide to environmental risk assessment Environmental risk analysis is a systematic process essential for the evaluation, management, and communication of the human health risk posed by the release of contaminants to the environment. Performed correctly, risk analysis is an essential tool in the protection of the public from the health hazards posed by chemical and radioactive contaminants. Cultivating the quantitative skills required to perform risk analysis competently is a critical need. Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health meets this need with a thorough, comprehensive coverage of the fundamental knowledge necessary to assess environmental impacts on human health. It introduces readers to a robust methodology for analyzing environmental risk, as well as to the fundamental principles of uncertainty analysis and the pertinent environmental regulations. Now updated to reflect the latest research and new cutting-edge methodologies, this is an essential contribution to the practice of environmental risk analysis. Readers of the second edition of Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health will also find: * Detailed treatment of source and release characterization, contaminant migration, exposure assessment, and more * New coverage of computer-based analytical methods * A new chapter of case studies providing concrete, real-world examples of environmental risk assessments Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health is must-have for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in civil engineering, environmental engineering, and environmental science, as well as for risk analysis practitioners in industry, environmental consultants, and regulators.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 528
• Erscheinungstermin: 24. August 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119675334
• Artikelnr.: 68884988

Autorenporträt

Robert A. Fjeld, PhD, is an Emeritus Professor and Dempsey Chair of Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, USA. He is a pioneering researcher of quantitative human health risk assessment and the author of numerous related publications. Timothy A. DeVol, PhD, CHP, is Toshiba Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Director of the Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management Center at Clemson University. His research interests are on radioactive material detection and environmental health physics. Nicole E. Martinez, PhD, CHP, is an Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University with a Joint Faculty Appointment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Her research focuses on dosimetric modeling and the transport and effects of environmental contaminants.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Variables with Common Example Units xvii

Preface to Second Edition xxvii

Preface to First Edition xxix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Risk Analysis 2

1.2 Risk 4

1.3 Contaminants in the Environment 8

1.4 Uses of Environmental Risk Assessment 9

1.5 Risk Assessment Process 13

1.5.1 Problem Statement 13

1.5.2 System Description 14

1.5.3 Risk Calculation 14

1.5.4 Integration and Iteration 18

References 19

Additional Reading 20

Problems 21

2 Fundamental Aspects of Environmental Modeling 23

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 Modeling Process 24

2.2.1 Model Development 24

2.2.2 Modeling Assurance 28

2.2.3 Environmental Modeling in Phases 30

2.3 Physical and Mathematical Basis for Risk Assessment Models 31

2.3.1 Mass Balances 31

2.3.2 Simple Models 40

2.4 Contaminant Transport Equation 47

2.4.1 Transport Processes 48

2.4.2 Derivation of the Contaminant Transport Equation 49

2.4.3 Zero-dimensional Solutions of the Contaminant Transport Equation 52

References 58

Additional Reading 59

Problems 59

3 Release Assessment 64

3.1 Introduction 64

3.2 Conceptual Model 65

3.3 Contaminant Identification 66

3.4 Emission-Rate Quantification 72

3.4.1 Release Probability 74

3.4.2 Contaminant Emission Rate 79

References 83

Additional Reading 84

Problems 84

4 Environmental Transport Theory 87

4.1 Introduction 87

4.2 One-Dimensional Solutions of the Contaminant Transport Equation 89

4.2.1 One-dimensional Advection 89

4.2.2 One-dimensional Advection and Dispersion 95

4.3 Three-Dimensional Contaminant Transport 99

4.4 Advanced Solution Methods 100

4.4.1 Numerical Techniques 100

4.4.2 Superposition Integral 101

References 103

Additional Reading 104

Problems 104

5 Surface Water Transport 107

5.1 Introduction 107

5.2 Types of Surface Water Bodies 109

5.2.1 Rivers and Streams 109

5.2.2 Lakes 111

5.2.3 Reservoirs on Rivers 111

5.2.4 Estuaries 111

5.2.5 Oceans 111

5.3 Sorption 112

5.3.1 Distribution Coefficient 112

5.3.2 Fraction Sorbed 116

5.3.3 Inclusion of Sorption in Transport Models 117

5.4 Transport Modeling 119

5.4.1 Lakes 119

5.4.2 Rivers and Streams 123

References 128

Additional Reading 129

Problems 129

6 Groundwater Transport 132

6.1 Introduction 132

6.2 Subsurface Characterization 134

6.3 Saturated Flow in Porous Media 135

6.3.1 Groundwater Speed and Direction 135

6.3.2 Porosity and Hydraulic Conductivity 138

6.3.3 Dispersion 138

6.4 Sorption 143

6.5 Subsurface Contaminant Transport Modeling 144

6.5.1 Linear Equilibrium Model of Subsurface Contaminant Transport 144

6.5.2 Saturated-Zone Transport Solutions 148

6.6 Other Considerations in Groundwater Transport 153

6.6.1 Vadose Zone Transport 153

6.6.2 Colloidal Transport 155

6.6.3 Transformations 155

6.6.4 NonAqueous-Phase Liquids 156

References 158

Additional Reading 159

Problems 159

7 Atmospheric Transport 163

7.1 Introduction 163