Geoffrey Sewell

Quantum Mechanics and Its Emergent Macrophysics (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

The quantum theory of macroscopic systems is a vast, ever-developing area of science that serves to relate the properties of complex physical objects to those of their constituent particles. Its essential challenge is that of finding the conceptual structures needed for the description of the various states of organization of many-particle quantum systems. In this book, Geoffrey Sewell provides a new approach to the subject, based on a "macrostatistical mechanics," which contrasts sharply with the standard microscopic treatments of many-body problems.

Sewell begins by presenting the operator algebraic framework for the theory. He then undertakes a macrostatistical treatment of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics, which yields a major new characterization of a complete set of thermodynamic variables and a nonlinear generalization of the Onsager theory. The remainder of the book focuses on ordered and chaotic structures that arise in some key areas of condensed matter physics. This includes a general derivation of superconductive electrodynamics from the assumptions of off-diagonal long-range order, gauge covariance, and thermodynamic stability, which avoids the enormous complications of the microscopic treatments. Sewell also unveils a theoretical framework for phase transitions far from thermal equilibrium. Throughout, the mathematics is kept clear without sacrificing rigor.

Representing a coherent approach to the vast problem of the emergence of macroscopic phenomena from quantum mechanics, this well-written book is addressed to physicists, mathematicians, and other scientists interested in quantum theory, statistical physics, thermodynamics, and general questions of order and chaos.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Verso
• Erscheinungstermin: 10. November 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780691221274
• Artikelnr.: 60200026

Autorenporträt

Geoffrey Sewell is Professor of Mathematical Physics at Queen Mary, University of London. His previous book, Quantum Theory of Collective Phenomena, is a classic in the field.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface ix
Notation xi
Part I. The Algebraic Quantum Mechanical Framework and the Description of
Order, Disorder and Irreversibility in Macroscopic Systems: Prospectus 1
Chapter 1. Introductory Discussion of Quantum Macrophysics 3
Chapter 2. The Generalised Quantum Mechanical Framework 7
2.1. Observables, States, Dynamics 8
2.2. Finite Quantum Systems 8
2.2.1. Uniqueness of the Representation 8
2.2.2. The Generic Model 10
2.2.3. The Algebraic Picture 13
2.3. Infinite Systems: Inequivalent Representations 15
2.3.1. The Representation o-(+) 15
2.3.2. The Representation o(-) 17
2.3.3. Inequivalence of o:(+-) 17
2.3.4. Other Inequivalent Representations 18
2.4. Operator Algebraic Interlude 18
2.4.1. Algebras: Basic Definitions and Properties 18
2.4.2. States and Representations 21
2.4.3. Automorphisms and Antiautomorphisms 24
2.4.4. Tensor Products 26
2.4.5. Quantum Dynamical Systems 27
2.4.6. Derivations of *-Algebras and Generators of Dynamical Groups 28
2.5. Algebraic Formulation of Infinite Systems 29
2.5.1. The General Scheme 29
2.5.2. Construction of the Lattice Model 32
2.5.3. Construction of the Continuum Model 34
2.6. The Physical Picture 39
2.6.1. Normal Folia as Local Modifications of Single States 39
2.6.2. Space-translationally Invariant States 39
2.6.3. Primary States have Short Range Correlations 40
2.6.4. Decay of Time Correlations and Irreversibility 41
2.6.5. Global Macroscopic Observables 42
2.6.6. Consideration of Pure Phases 44
2.6.7. Fluctuations and Mesoscopic Observables 45
2.7. Open Systems 46
2.8. Concluding Remarks 47
Appendix A: filbert Spaces 48
Chapter 3. On Symmetry, Entropy and Order 57
3.1. Symmetry Groups 57
3.2. Entropy 58
3.2.1. Classical Preliminaries 58
3.2.2. Finite Quantum Systems 59
3.2.3. Infinite Systems 62
3.2.4. On Entropy and Disorder 64
3.3. Order and Coherence 65
3.3.1 Order and Symmetry 65
3.3.2. Coherence 68
3.3.3. Long Range Correlations in G-invariant Mixtures of Ordered Phases 69
3.3.4 Superfluidity and Off-diagonal Long Range Order 70
3.3.5. On Entropy and Order 72
3.4. Further Discussion of Order and Disorder 72
Chapter 4. Reversibility, Irreversibilty and Macroscopic Causality 75
4.1. Microscopic Reversibility 76
4.1.1. Finite Systems 76
4.1.2. Infinite Systems 78
4.2. From Systems to Subsystems: Completely Positive Maps, Quantum
Dynamical Semigroups and Conditional Expectations 79
4.2.1. Complete Positivity 79
4.2.2. Quantum Dynamical Semigroups 81
4.2.3. Conditional Expectations 82
4.3. Induced Dynamical Subsystems 83
4.4. Irreversibility 83
4.4.1. Irreversibility, Mixing and Markovian Dynamics 83
4.5. Note on Classical Macroscopic Casuality 86
Appendix A: Example of a Positive Map that is not Completely Posistive 88
Appendix B. Simple Model of Irrversibilty and Mixing 89
Appendix C. Simple Model of Irreversibilty and Macroscopic Casuality 94
C.1. The Model 94
C.2. Equations of Motion 98
C.3. Macroscopic Description of B 100
C.4. The Phenomenological Law 102
C.5. The Fluctuation Process 103
Part II. From Quantum Statistics to Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium
Thermodynamics: Prospectus 107
Chapter 5. Thermal Equilibrium States and Phases 109
5.1. Introduction 109
5.2. Finite Systems 11l
5.2.1. Equilibrium, Linear Response Theory and the KMS Conditions 111
5.2.2. Equilibrium and Thermodynamical Stability 112
5.2.3. Resume 112
5.3. Infinite Systems 113
5.3.1. The KMS Conditions 113
5.3.2. Thermodynamical Stability Conditions 118
5.4. Equilibrium and Metastable States 123
5.4.1. Equilibrium States 123
5.4.2. Metastable States 124
5.5. Further Discussion 125
Chapter 6. Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Phase Structure 127
6.1. Introduction 127
6.2. Preliminaries on Convexity 131
6.3. Thermodynamic States as Tangents to the Reduced Pressure Function 135
6.4. Quantum Statistical Basis of Thermodynamics 136
6.5. An Extended Thermodynamics with Order Parameters 142
6.6. Concluding Remarks on the Paucity of Thermodynamical Variables 144
Appendix A: Proofs of Propositions 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 145
Appendix B: Functionals q as Space Averages of Locally Conserved Quantum
Fields 146
Chapter 7. Macrostatistics and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics 149
7.1. Introduction 149
7.2. The Quantum Field q(x) 153
7.3. The Macroscopic Model, M 155
7.4. Relationship between the Classical Field q and the Quantum Field q 158
7.5. The Model M(flunt) 161
7.6. The Linear Regime: Macroscopic Equilibrium Conditions and the Onsager
Relations 164
7.7. The Nonlinear Regime: Local Equilibrium and Generalized Onsager
Relations 165
7.8. Further Considerations: Towards a Generalization of the Theory to
Galilean Continuum Mechanics 168
Appendix A: Tempered Distributions 170
Appendix B: Classical Stochastic Processes and the Construction of M(flunt)
as a Classical Markov Field 176
B.1. Algebraic Description of Classical Stochastic Processes 176
B.2. Classical Gaussian Fields 178
B.3. Proof of Propositions 7.5.1 and 7.5.2 183
Appendix C: Equilibrium Correlations and The Static Two-Point Function 183
C.1. The Truncated Static Two-Point Function 184
C.2. Quantum Statistical Formulation of s"(q) 186
C.3. Formulation of n" via Perturbations of po 187
C.4. Proof of Propositions C.3.1 and C.3.2 for Lattice Systems with Finite
Range Interactions 192
C.5. Pure Crystalline Phases 195
Part III. Superconductive Electrodynamics as a Consequence of Off-diagonal
Long Range Order, Gauge Covariance and Thermodynamical Stability:
Prospectus 197
,p> Chapter 8. Brief Historical Survey of Theories of Superconductivity 199
Chapter 9. Off-diagonal Long Range Order and Superconductive
Electrodynamics 211
9.1. Introduction 211
9.2. The General Model 213
9.3. ODLRO versus Magnetic Induction 218
9.4. Statistical Thermodynamics of the Model and the Meissner Effect 221
9.4.1 The Equilibrium States 221
9.4.2 Thermodynamical Potentials 222
9.5. Flux Quantisation 226
9.6. Metastability of Supercurrents and Superselection Rules 229
9.7. Note on Type II Superconductors 234
9.8. Concluding Remarks 236
Appendix A: Vector Potentials Representing Magnetic Fields with Compact
Support 236
Part IV. Ordered and Chaotic Structures Far from Equilibrium: Prospectus
239
Chapter 10. Schematic Approach to a Theory of Nonequlibrium Phase
Transitions, Order and Chaos 241
Chapter 11. Laser Model as a Paradigm of Nonequilibrium Phase Structures
247
11.1. Introduction 247
11.2. The Model 248
11.3. The Macroscopic Dynamics 256
11.4. The Dynamical Phase Transitions 260
11.5. The Microscopic Dynamics 264
11.6. A Nonequilibrium Maximum Entropy Principle 269
11.7. Concluding Remarks 271
Appendix A: Proof of Lemma 11.5.2 and Proposition 11.5.4 271
References 275
Index 287