This book explores why the output of research and that of national level educational institutions is below the expected level, or low when compared with similar institutions abroad. Why do scientists feel that they can produce more in one summer assignment abroad than they can in two years in home institutions. The book deals with the management of innovative organisations. How do rules rather than ideas become initiators of action. How does standardisation or the bureaucratic culture replace innovative action. The book analyses the process of standardisation and how the institutional management become less effective in dealing with local problems. How do the employees and the scientists selectively sidetrack the rules which are created to make them feel secure. The book has emphasised that the failure of innovative institutions is due less to lack of leadership as to factors relating to standardisation, inadequate role of the governance system and employee needs for security and structure. Prof. Dayal has interviewed in depth 15 research and educational institutional heads and many scientists. In analysing situations, he has also used his experience of over twenty years in directional roles and several years before that as teacher and researcher.
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