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Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2023 in the subject Pedagogy - School System, Educational and School Politics, Ethiopian Civil Service University (Leadership and Governance), course: Governance and Public Policy, language: English, abstract: This research paper focuses on the challenges faced by school leaders in implementing school improvement programs in Ethiopia. The study aims to shed light on the importance of effective leadership in promoting educational advancement and achieving national development goals. The research methodology employed both quantitative and qualitative data analyzing methods or mixed approach is use and data analysis to examine the various dimensions of school leadership and the obstacles encountered in implementing improvement programs. The background of the study highlights the significance of education as a catalyst for economic and social growth. It emphasizes the role of education in enhancing individuals' capabilities and contributing to overall national development. Effective educational leadership is identified as a critical factor in improving learning outcomes and school performance. The Ethiopian government's emphasis on school improvement programs underscores the need for strong leadership to ensure the quality and efficiency of education at all levels. The literature review explores key concepts such as leadership, school leadership, school improvement, and leadership roles in educational institutions. It discusses the challenges faced by school leaders in implementing improvement programs and highlights the importance of leadership skills and effective management in driving positive change. The research findings reveal the specific challenges encountered by school leaders in Ethiopia's educational context. These challenges include inadequate leadership at the school level, insufficient training and professional development opportunities for principals. The study emphasizes the crucial role of school leaders in enhancing teaching and learning quality and highlights the importance of their capacity-building and support. In conclusion, effective school leadership is essential for improving the efficiency and equity of education. School leaders play a pivotal role in driving school improvement and student achievement. The study provides recommendations for addressing the challenges identified, such as investing in leadership training and professional development programs, fostering collaborative learning environments, and promoting evidence-based decision-making. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of school leadership challenges in implementing school improvement programs in Ethiopia. It underscores the importance of effective