Robin Saar, Sarah Dodd

Small Animal Microbiomes and Nutrition (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Small Animal Microbiomes and Nutrition Comprehensive resource providing holistic coverage of the effect of body microbiomes on the health status of dogs and cats Small Animal Microbiomes and Nutrition offers new perspective on the prevention and treatment of common health conditions in dogs and cats that arise from or result in dysbiosis of the body's microbiomes, along with providing alternative first-line solutions of utilizing nutrients--less invasive procedures in comparison to prescription drugs to treat dysbiosis in the body's microbiomes. This practical manual guides the reader through body systems that are commonly influenced by the microbiota in the microbiomes as well as accompanying dietary recommendations. Initially, an overview of the body's microbiome including common terminology and functions of microbiomes precede the chapters on development of the body's microbiomes and factors influencing their diversity and density. The following three sections provide readers with a different perspective of commonly observed health conditions by focusing on the state of the microbiome and how the condition may be prevented and/or treated with the use of nutrients. Written by a highly qualified author with significant experience in the field, Small Animal Microbiomes and Nutrition includes information on sample topics such as: * Results of research on alternative diets and emerging ingredients' effect on the microbiomes and how to have the discussions with pet parents * Nutrition focused calculations, feeding directions, and templates for history, and recommendation for follow-up conversations with pet parents * Factors affecting the diversity and density of the microbiomes, such as genetics, age, sex, environment, stress, antibiotic therapy, and nutrition * Integumentary microbiomes, covering the skin's microbiome, dysfunctional barrier syndrome, atopy (atopic dermatitis), and key nutritional factors Small Animal Microbiomes and Nutrition is an essential resource for students completing companion animal health courses in two- and four-year programs, particularly those in veterinary technology, veterinary technician, and animal health technology diplomas and degrees, and it is also highly useful for students in other veterinary and animal science focused programs. Additionally, this book is essential in veterinary practices as a reference guide to support the transition into the utilization of microbiome medicine.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 384
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. August 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119862635
• Artikelnr.: 68600214

Autorenporträt

Robin Saar, RVT, VTS (NUTRITION), Canada. Robin became a Registered Animal Health Technologist in 1996 and obtained her Veterinary Technician Specialty in Nutrition in 2019. Robin's professional experience includes working in small and mixed animal practices as an RVT, and a Practice Manager, and she developed a nutrition program for a veterinary corporation. Robin has written multiple peer reviewed articles and chapters about nutrition and this is her first dedicated textbook. Her current role with AnimalBiome in the veterinary department, meets her interest in nutrition and microbiome health. Currently, Robin is the Education Director for the Canadian Academy of Veterinary Nutrition, is the President-Elect for the Academy of Veterinary Nutrition Technicians, and is a Member at Large at the American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition. She is currently completing her MSc in Animal Nutrition through Glasgow University. Her principle is "Nutrition is a part of every pet, every day." Dr. Sarah Dodd, BVSc, MSc, PhD, DECVCN, EBVS¯® European Specialist in Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition, member of European College of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition. Dr. Dodd received her veterinary degree from Massey University, New Zealand, in 2016. This was followed by an MSc and a PhD in Clinical Studies and Population Medicine at the University of Guelph in 2018 and 2022, respectively. Whilst completing the academic degrees, Dr. Dodd simultaneously undertook first an internship then a residency with the European College of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition and became board certified in 2022. She has authored a number of peer-reviewed publications (articles, abstracts, and textbook chapters), co-authored a textbook on Small Animal Microbiomes and Nutrition and reviews manuscripts for a number of journals. Dr. Dodd is a founding member and active fellow of the Canadian Academy of Veterinary Nutrition.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xvii

About the Companion Website xix

Section I Understanding a Microbiome 1

1 Common Definitions 3

1.1 Microbiome 3

1.2 Microbiota 4

1.3 Pathogens 5

1.4 Symbiosis 8

1.5 Dysbiosis 11

1.6 Probiotics 12

1.7 Prebiotics 15

1.8 Synbiotics 16

1.9 Biological Markers (Biomarkers) and Their Measurement 16

1.9.1 Genes, the Genome, and Genomics 17

1.9.2 Metabolites, the Metabolome, and Metabolomics 19

1.9.2.1 Metabonomics 22

1.9.3 The Proteome and Proteomics 23

Glossary 23

References 25

2 Functions of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome 32

2.1 What Is the Gastrointestinal Microbiome? 32

2.2 Metabolic Functions 32

2.2.1 Short-Chain Fatty Acids 33

2.2.2 Gases 35

2.2.3 Amino Acids 35

2.2.4 Vitamins and Minerals 36

2.3 Structural Functions 37

2.3.1 Tight Junctions and Intestinal Permeability 37

2.4 Protective Functions 38

2.4.1 Bacteriocins 38

2.4.2 Quorum-Sensing 39

2.4.3 Immune Response 39

2.5 Participation in Bidirectional Axis Communication 39

2.6 Chapter Summary 39

References 40

3 The Origin and Development of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome 44

3.1 In Utero 44

3.2 Factors Influencing the Initial Colonization of Microbiota 45

3.2.1 Presentation at Birth 46

3.2.2 Environmental Exposure 47

3.2.3 Diet Type and Method of Feeding 47

3.2.4 Age 48

3.3 Dysbiosis During Microbiome Development 49

3.4 Key Nutritional Factors 53

3.4.1 Maternal Colostrum and Maternal Milk 53

3.4.2 Prebiotics 53

3.4.3 Non-maternal Colostrum 54

3.4.4 Commercial Milk Replacer 55

3.5 Chapter Summary 55

References 55

4 Factors Affecting the Diversity and Density of the Microbiomes 59

4.1 Physiological Factors 60

4.1.1 Genetics 60

4.1.2 Age 60

4.1.3 Sex 62

4.1.4 Nutrition 62

4.1.5 Environment 64

4.2 Pathophysiological Factors 65

4.2.1 Stress 65

4.2.2 Pharmaceutical Therapy 65

4.2.2.1 Antimicrobials 65

4.2.2.2 Other Pharmaceuticals 67

4.3 Chapter Summary 67

References 68

5 Essential Nutrients and the Microbiota 73

5.1 Protein 74

5.1.1 Quantity 75

5.1.2 Quotient 75

5.1.3 Quality 76

5.2 Carbohydrates 77

5.2.1 Simple Carbohydrates 77

5.2.2 Complex Carbohydrates 78

5.2.2.1 Solubility 79

5.2.2.2 Fermentability 79

5.3 Fat 82

5.4 Vitamins and Minerals 82

5.4.1 Vitamins 83

5.4.1.1 Fat-Soluble Vitamins 83

5.4.1.2 Water-Soluble Vitamins 84

5.4.2 Minerals 86

5.5 Processing and Digestibility of Nutrients 87

5.6 Chapter Summary 88

References 89

6 Current Methods for Microbiome Analysis 96

6.1 Introduction 96

6.2 Why is it Important to Characterize the Microbiome? 99

6.3 Sample Collection and Preservation Methods 100

6.4 Current Methods for Microbiome Analysis 101

6.4.1 Microscopy 103

6.4.2 Cultivation 103

6.4.3 Molecular Methods 104

6.4.3.1 Quantitative PCR Panels 104

6.4.3.2 Amplicon Sequencing: 16S, 18S, and ITS 106

6.4.3.3 Metagenomic Sequencing 106

6.4.3.4 Metabolomics 107