Rajiv K. Varma

Smart Solar PV Inverters with Advanced Grid Support Functionalities (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Learn the fundamentals of smart photovoltaic (PV) inverter technology with this insightful one-stop resource Smart Solar PV Inverters with Advanced Grid Support Functionalities presents a comprehensive coverage of smart PV inverter technologies in alleviating grid integration challenges of solar PV systems and for additionally enhancing grid reliability. Accomplished author Rajiv Varma systematically integrates information from the wealth of knowledge on smart inverters available from EPRI, NREL, NERC, SIWG, EU-PVSEC, CIGRE, IEEE publications; and utility experiences worldwide. The book further presents a novel, author-developed and patented smart inverter technology for utilizing solar PV plants both in the night and day as a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controller STATCOM, named PV-STATCOM. Replete with case studies, this book includes over 600 references and 280 illustrations. Smart Solar PV Inverters with Advanced Grid Support Functionalities' features include: * Concepts of active and reactive power control; description of different smart inverter functions, and modeling of smart PV inverter systems * Distribution system applications of PV-STATCOM for dynamic voltage control, enhancing connectivity of solar PV and wind farms, and stabilization of critical motors * Transmission system applications of PV-STATCOM for improving power transfer capacity, power oscillation damping (POD), suppression of subsynchronous oscillations, mitigation of fault induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR), and fast frequency response (FFR) with POD * Hosting capacity for solar PV systems, its enhancement through effective settings of different smart inverter functions; and control coordination of smart PV inverters * Emerging smart inverter grid support functions and their pioneering field demonstrations worldwide, including Canada, USA, UK, Chile, China, and India. Perfect for system planners and system operators, utility engineers, inverter manufacturers and solar farm developers, this book will prove to be an important resource for academics and graduate students involved in electrical power and renewable energy systems.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 512
• Erscheinungstermin: 30. November 2021
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119214205
• Artikelnr.: 63119169

Autorenporträt

Rajiv K. Varma is Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Western Ontario in London, ON, Canada. He is an internationally renowned researcher in FACTS and grid integration of solar PV and wind power systems. He received the prestigious IEEE PES Nari Hingorani FACTS Award in 2021 "for advancing FACTS controllers application in education, research, and professional society, and for developing an innovative STATCOM technology utilizing PV solar farms." He became a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering in 2021 with the citation, "...Among his pioneering contributions has been a major ground-breaking utility-implemented award-winning technology, PV-STATCOM, that enables solar PV plants to provide FACTS functionalities at one-tenth cost of FACTS themselves..."

Inhaltsangabe

About the Author xxiii

Foreword xxv

Preface xxvii

Acknowledgments xxxi

List of Abbreviations xxxiii

1 Impacts of High Penetration of Solar PV Systems and Smart Inverter Developments 1

1.1 Concepts of Reactive and Active Power Control 1

1.1.1 Reactive Power Control 1

1.1.1.1 Voltage Control 1

1.1.1.2 Frequency Control 3

1.1.2 Active Power Control 4

1.1.2.1 Voltage Control 4

1.1.2.2 Frequency Control 5

1.1.3 Frequency Response with Synchronous Machines 5

1.1.3.1 Rate of Change of Frequency 6

1.1.3.2 Factors Impacting ROCOF 7

1.1.3.3 System Inertia 7

1.1.3.4 Critical Inertia 8

1.1.3.5 Size of Largest Contingency 8

1.1.4 Fast Frequency Response 8

1.2 Challenges of High Penetration of Solar PV Systems 10

1.2.1 Steady-state Overvoltage 10

1.2.2 Voltage Fluctuations 11

1.2.3 Reverse Power Flow 11

1.2.4 Transient Overvoltage 13

1.2.5 Voltage Unbalance 14

1.2.6 Decrease in Voltage Support Capability of Power Systems 14

1.2.7 Interaction with Conventional Voltage Regulation Equipment 15

1.2.8 Variability of Power Output 15

1.2.9 Balancing Supply and Demand 15

1.2.10 Changes in Active Power Flow in Feeders 16

1.2.11 Change in Reactive Power Flow in Feeders 17

1.2.12 Line Losses 17

1.2.13 Harmonic Injections 17

1.2.14 Low Short Circuit Levels 20

1.2.15 Protection and Control Issues 20

1.2.16 Short Circuit Current Issues 20

1.2.17 Unintentional Islanding 22

1.2.18 Frequency Regulation Issues due to Reduced Inertia 23

1.2.18.1 Under Frequency Response 23

1.2.18.2 Over Frequency Response 26

1.2.19 Angular Stability Issues due to Reduced Inertia 26

1.3 Development of Smart Inverters 28

1.3.1 Developments in Germany 29

1.3.2 Developments in the USA 29

1.3.3 Development in Canada of Night and Day Control of Solar PV Farms as STATCOM (PV-STATCOM) 29

1.4 Conclusions 30

References 30

2 Smart Inverter Functions 35

2.1 Capability Characteristics of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) 35

2.2 General Considerations in Implementation of Smart Inverter Functions 37

2.2.1 Performance Categories 38

2.2.1.1 Normal Performance 39

2.2.1.2 Abnormal Performance 39

2.2.2 Reactive Power Capability of DERs 39

2.2.2.1 Active Power (Watt) Precedence Mode 40

2.2.2.2 Reactive Power (Var) Precedence Mode 41

2.3 Smart Inverter Functions for Reactive Power and Voltage Control 41

2.3.1 Constant Power Factor Function 41

2.3.2 Constant Reactive Power Function 41

2.3.3 Voltage-Reactive Power (Volt-Var) Function 41

2.3.4 Active Power-Reactive Power (Watt-Var or P-Q) Function 42

2.3.5 Dynamic Voltage Support Function 44

2.3.5.1 Dynamic Network Support Function 44

2.3.5.2 Dynamic Reactive Current Support Function 45

2.4 Smart Inverter Function for Voltage and Active Power Control 46

2.4.1 Voltage-Active Power (Volt-Watt) Function 46

2.4.2 Coordination with Volt-Var Function 48

2.4.3 Dynamic Volt-Watt Function 48

2.5 Low/High Voltage Ride-Through (L/H VRT) Function 50

2.5.1 IEEE Standard 1547-2018 51

2.5.2 North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Standard PRC-024 53

2.6 Frequency-Watt Function 54

2.6.1 Frequency-Watt Function 1 55
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