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The experiences of African Americans in urban communities are distinct from those of other ethnic groups, and to be truly understood require an in-depth appreciation of the interface between micro- and macro-level factors. This sweeping text, an outgrowth of a groundbreaking urban social work curriculum, focuses exclusively on the African-American experience through field education, community engagement, and practice. It presents a framework for urban social work practice that encompasses a deep understanding of the challenges faced by this community. From a perspective based on empowerment,…mehr
The experiences of African Americans in urban communities are distinct from those of other ethnic groups, and to be truly understood require an in-depth appreciation of the interface between micro- and macro-level factors. This sweeping text, an outgrowth of a groundbreaking urban social work curriculum, focuses exclusively on the African-American experience through field education, community engagement, and practice. It presents a framework for urban social work practice that encompasses a deep understanding of the challenges faced by this community. From a perspective based on empowerment, strengths, and resilience; cultural competence; and multi-culturalism; the book delivers proven strategies for social work practice with the urban African-American population. It facilities the development of creative thinking skills and the ability to ìmeet people where they are,î skills that are often necessary for true transformation to take root.
The book describes an overarching framework for understanding and practicing urban social work, including definitions and theories that have critical implications for working with people in such communities. It encompasses the contributions of African American pioneers regarding a response to such challenges as poverty, oppression, and racism. Focusing on the theory, practice, and policy aspects of urban social work, the book examines specific subsets of the urban African-American population including children, adults, families and older adults. It addresses the challenges of urban social work in relation to public health, health, and mental health; substance abuse; criminal justice; and violence prevention. Additionally, the book discusses how to navigate the urban built environment and the intersection between African Americans and other diverse groups. Chapters include outcome measures of effectiveness, case studies, review questions, suggested activities, and supplemental readings.
Key Features:
Fills a void in the literature on urban social work practice with African Americans
Presents the outgrowth of a renowned urban curriculum, field education, research, community engagement, and practice
Fulfills the requirements of the CSWE in the Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards regarding diversity
Synthesizes micro, mezzo, and macro content in each chapter
Provides contributions from African-American pioneers in urban social work practice
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Contributors Foreword by Sandra Edmonds Crewe, PhD, MSW, ACSW Preface Acknowledgment Share Social Work Practice With African Americans in Urban Environments SECTION I: CONCEPTUALIZING URBAN SOCIAL WORK 1. Urban Social Work With African Americans: Critical Perspectives, Concepts, and Theories Anna R. McPhatter Underlying Assumptions, Beliefs, and Principles Critical Concepts, Perspectives, and Theories Conceptualizing a Social Work Curriculum: Case Study School of Social Work Goals Implications For Further Study References 2. African American Pioneers of Urban Social Work Iris Carlton-LaNey Women’s Club The Politics of Reform Settlement Houses The National Urban League Housing in the Cities Taking Care of Children and Youth Discussion Implications For Further Study Notes References SECTION II: CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES 3. Child Welfare in Urban Environments Kimberly Y. Johnson and Sandra S. Chipungu Recent Trends in Foster Care Demographic Trends in Foster Care Demographic Trends in Maryland Disproportionality: Child Welfare Financing Child Welfare: Penetration Rates Trauma: Child Welfare Workforce Issues Trauma Typologies Trauma and Attachment Issues for Children Trauma and Mental Health Trauma and Well-Being Trauma: Helping the Child Welfare Professional Trauma-Informed Practice and Interventions Implications for Policy Implications for Social Work Education Implications for Practice For Further Study References 4. Engaging Urban African American Adolescents in Treatment Michael M. Sinclair and Belinda Davis Smith Culturally Competent Practice With Urban Adolescents The Urban Adolescent Poverty Family Structure Community Violence Substance Abuse Engaging the African American Adolescent Rap Therapy Implications For Further Study References 5. Coming to America: Black Immigrants in Urban Communities Belinda Davis Smith, Isiah Marshall Jr., Dana Burdnell Wilson, and Errol S. Bolden Black Immigrants Defined Black Caribbean Immigrants African Immigrants Urban Black Immigrants: Immigration and Social Policy Historical Analysis Contemporary Policies Ecological Framework in Understanding Black Immigrant Families Black Immigrant Family Systems and Child Rearing Crime and Police Interaction Education Mezzo- and Macro-Level Environments Help-Seeking Behaviors Formal and Informal Support Systems Implications Cultural Competence Advocacy For Further Study References 6. That Is So Queer: Building a Foundation for Working With African American Lesbian, Gay, and Transgender Individuals in the Community Laurens G. Van Sluytman, Denise Torres, and Saanjh Aakash Kishore Relevant Core Competencies (Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards) In the Life: Black Gay and Lesbian Lives Black Gay Male Case Study—Evaluation Research Youth and Older GLT Lives GLT Youth Case Study—Advocacy and Policy BGLT Older Lives GLT Elder Case Study—Program Development Transgender Lives Transgender Population Case Study—Individual Practice Implications For Further Study Notes References SECTION III: PUBLIC HEALTH, HEALTH, AND MENTAL HEALTH 7. Social Work and Health—Understanding the Contexts for Social Work and Public Health Paul Archibald and Kim Dobson-Sydnor The Social Work Public Health Framework Healthy People 2020 The ACA The Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities A Plan for Action Social Work Public Health Analysis: African American Mental Health Status Implications For Further Study References 8. Exploring Urban Faith-Based–Social Work Community Collaboration for Mental Health Promotion in Urban African American Communities Paul Archibald, Kevin Daniels, and Sandra Austin UAA Spirituality Urban Faith-Based Organizations’ and Urban Social Work Practitioners’ Health Promotion Implications for Social Work Practice in Urban Environments Case Study For Further Study References 9. Urban Health: Four Issues of Concerns Linda Darrell and LaPricia Lewis Boyer Sickle Cell Anemia Diabetes Coronary Heart Disease Hypertension Implications for the Future For Further Study References 10. Inner City Blues: Social Work Practice With Urban Communities Impacted by HIV/AIDS Denise McLane-Davison and Warren W. Hewitt AIDS: The Great Maafa Reframing an Old Problem: Seminole Frameworks Community and Government Responses Social Work Front and Center Implications for the Future For Further Study References 11. Mental and Emotional Wellness Among African Americans in Urban Environments: What Do We Know? How Can We Improve Outcomes? Rhonda Wells-Wilbon, Kenya Jones, and Thelma Rich Defining Mental and Emotional Health and Well-Being A Cultural Lens A Historical Perspective The Urban Environment Implications For Further Study Notes References SECTION IV: GERONTOLOGY AND AGING ADULTS 12. The Magic of Aging in the Urban Environment Margaret E. Pittman, Leeza M. Scheidt, Merissa R. Munford, and Halaevalu F. Ofahengaue Vakalahi Our Responsibility The Urban Context and Major Aging Issues Supports and Resources in the Urban Environment Working With the Aging Population Making a Difference Meeting Urban Needs Implications for the Future For Further Study References 13. On Urban Ground: An Integrated Framework for Working With African American Grandparent Caregivers Gaynell M. Simpson, Belinda Davis Smith, and Dana Burdell Wilson Multigenerational and Skipped-Generation Households Grandfather Caregivers Historical Traditions of African American Caregiving An Integrated Framework: Ecological Perspective, Strengths Perspective, and Empowerment Theory A Collective Response to Urban Grandparent Caregiving The Faith Community Family Ties Project Implications for the Future For Further Study References 14. Coping With Loss and Grief in Urban Communities Tanya L. Sharpe and Margaret E. Pittman Loss Grief Coping With Urban Traumatic Loss and Grief Implications for the Future For Further Study References SECTION V: SUBSTANCE ABUSE, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION 15. Youth Violence—An Overview: Prevalence and Intervention Strategies to Address Violence Among Urban African American Youth Rhonda Wells-Wilbon, Von E. Nebbitt, and Margaret Lombe Conceptualizing Youth Violence Prevalence of Exposure to Youth Violence Youth Violence Across Domains Preventive Interventions Implications For Further Study References 16. Providing Culturally Sensitive Intervention With Urban African American Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Yvonne V. Greene and Marni N. Seyyid Overview of Intimate Partner Violence Culturally Competent Practice Societal Perceptions of African American Women and Men Unique Cultural Challenges Faced by African American Women in Violent Intimate Relationships and Barriers to Reporting Implications for Social Work Practice Case Study For Further Study References 17. Substance Use Prevention in the Urban Environment Anthony Estreet Substance Use Prevention Models of Substance Use Prevention Substance Abuse Prevention Frameworks Promising Culturally Specific Prevention Framework: Afrocentric Theory Substance Use Prevention Moves Toward Evidence-Based Practices Prevention Programs That Work Prevention Program Highlight Implications for Social Work For Further Study References 18. Substance Use Treatment Approaches in the Urban Environment Anthony Estreet Treatment for Substance Use Disorders Levels of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Detoxification Programs Inpatient Treatment Residential Treatment Partial Hospitalization Treatment Intensive Outpatient Treatment Traditional Outpatient Treatment Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches Motivational Enhancement Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Afrocentric Paradigm as an Emerging Treatment Approach for African Americans Implications for Social Work Practice For Further Study References 19. Educating Social Workers in a Client-Centered Defense Practice Lori James-Townes and Marquis Chandler Two Professions: Serving Those Disproportionately Impacted by Over-Incarceration The Maryland Office of Public Defender: Serving the Urban Community MOPD: A National Model Training the Defense-Based Social Worker Implications for the Future For Further Study Notes References 20. Urban Gangs: Epidemiological Criminology as a Theoretical Framework for Social Work Practice Kevin Daniels, Stacy A. Smith, Paul Archibald, and Timothy Akers African American Urban Settings and Criminal Behavior The Geospatial and Global Origins of Gang Activity Contextualizing the Dynamics and Complexities of Urban Gangs Evolution of the Hybrid Gang Family Epidemiological Criminology as a Theoretical Framework in Social Work Practice Evidence-Based Practice Within Urban Settings Case Study: C-Gangs Implications for Social Work For Further Study References SECTION VI: NAVIGATING THE URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENT 21. Research With Urban African American Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Implications for Quasi-Community-Based Participatory Research and Community Action Research M. Taqi Tirmazi, Von E. Nebbitt, Kim Dobson Sydnor, and Dawn Thurman Context for Conducting Research Among African American Urban Youth Socioecocultural and Acculturation Theory Community-Based Participatory Research and Participatory Action Research Implications For Further Study Note References 22. Leadership and Administration of Systems in Urban Settings Colette Walker Thomas and Jarrell J. McRae Definitions Macro Practice as an Urban Social Work Leader Guiding Organizational Change Working Within Systems: Quality Service Delivery Versus Organizational Expectations Urban Leaders Leading With Grace Organizational Culture and Leadership Navigating Resources in an Urban Community Implications for the Future For Further Study References 23. Urgency and Advocacy for Organizational Change in Urban Public School Settings: A Social Work Perspective on Meeting the Needs of African American Children Claudia Lawrence-Webb Structure of Public U.S. Education System Historical Evolvement of Education in the United States Urban Populations and Educational Policies Perception of Teachers in Urban Environments Building Educational Capacity Implications for the Future For Further Study References 24. Policies That Impact Urban Communities Tricia Bent-Goodley Policies That Impact Urban Communities Framework Education, Violence, and Families: Intersections and Resistance Building on Strengths, Resiliency, and African American Cultural Values Implications For Further Study References Index
Contributors Foreword by Sandra Edmonds Crewe, PhD, MSW, ACSW Preface Acknowledgment Share Social Work Practice With African Americans in Urban Environments SECTION I: CONCEPTUALIZING URBAN SOCIAL WORK 1. Urban Social Work With African Americans: Critical Perspectives, Concepts, and Theories Anna R. McPhatter Underlying Assumptions, Beliefs, and Principles Critical Concepts, Perspectives, and Theories Conceptualizing a Social Work Curriculum: Case Study School of Social Work Goals Implications For Further Study References 2. African American Pioneers of Urban Social Work Iris Carlton-LaNey Women’s Club The Politics of Reform Settlement Houses The National Urban League Housing in the Cities Taking Care of Children and Youth Discussion Implications For Further Study Notes References SECTION II: CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES 3. Child Welfare in Urban Environments Kimberly Y. Johnson and Sandra S. Chipungu Recent Trends in Foster Care Demographic Trends in Foster Care Demographic Trends in Maryland Disproportionality: Child Welfare Financing Child Welfare: Penetration Rates Trauma: Child Welfare Workforce Issues Trauma Typologies Trauma and Attachment Issues for Children Trauma and Mental Health Trauma and Well-Being Trauma: Helping the Child Welfare Professional Trauma-Informed Practice and Interventions Implications for Policy Implications for Social Work Education Implications for Practice For Further Study References 4. Engaging Urban African American Adolescents in Treatment Michael M. Sinclair and Belinda Davis Smith Culturally Competent Practice With Urban Adolescents The Urban Adolescent Poverty Family Structure Community Violence Substance Abuse Engaging the African American Adolescent Rap Therapy Implications For Further Study References 5. Coming to America: Black Immigrants in Urban Communities Belinda Davis Smith, Isiah Marshall Jr., Dana Burdnell Wilson, and Errol S. Bolden Black Immigrants Defined Black Caribbean Immigrants African Immigrants Urban Black Immigrants: Immigration and Social Policy Historical Analysis Contemporary Policies Ecological Framework in Understanding Black Immigrant Families Black Immigrant Family Systems and Child Rearing Crime and Police Interaction Education Mezzo- and Macro-Level Environments Help-Seeking Behaviors Formal and Informal Support Systems Implications Cultural Competence Advocacy For Further Study References 6. That Is So Queer: Building a Foundation for Working With African American Lesbian, Gay, and Transgender Individuals in the Community Laurens G. Van Sluytman, Denise Torres, and Saanjh Aakash Kishore Relevant Core Competencies (Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards) In the Life: Black Gay and Lesbian Lives Black Gay Male Case Study—Evaluation Research Youth and Older GLT Lives GLT Youth Case Study—Advocacy and Policy BGLT Older Lives GLT Elder Case Study—Program Development Transgender Lives Transgender Population Case Study—Individual Practice Implications For Further Study Notes References SECTION III: PUBLIC HEALTH, HEALTH, AND MENTAL HEALTH 7. Social Work and Health—Understanding the Contexts for Social Work and Public Health Paul Archibald and Kim Dobson-Sydnor The Social Work Public Health Framework Healthy People 2020 The ACA The Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities A Plan for Action Social Work Public Health Analysis: African American Mental Health Status Implications For Further Study References 8. Exploring Urban Faith-Based–Social Work Community Collaboration for Mental Health Promotion in Urban African American Communities Paul Archibald, Kevin Daniels, and Sandra Austin UAA Spirituality Urban Faith-Based Organizations’ and Urban Social Work Practitioners’ Health Promotion Implications for Social Work Practice in Urban Environments Case Study For Further Study References 9. Urban Health: Four Issues of Concerns Linda Darrell and LaPricia Lewis Boyer Sickle Cell Anemia Diabetes Coronary Heart Disease Hypertension Implications for the Future For Further Study References 10. Inner City Blues: Social Work Practice With Urban Communities Impacted by HIV/AIDS Denise McLane-Davison and Warren W. Hewitt AIDS: The Great Maafa Reframing an Old Problem: Seminole Frameworks Community and Government Responses Social Work Front and Center Implications for the Future For Further Study References 11. Mental and Emotional Wellness Among African Americans in Urban Environments: What Do We Know? How Can We Improve Outcomes? Rhonda Wells-Wilbon, Kenya Jones, and Thelma Rich Defining Mental and Emotional Health and Well-Being A Cultural Lens A Historical Perspective The Urban Environment Implications For Further Study Notes References SECTION IV: GERONTOLOGY AND AGING ADULTS 12. The Magic of Aging in the Urban Environment Margaret E. Pittman, Leeza M. Scheidt, Merissa R. Munford, and Halaevalu F. Ofahengaue Vakalahi Our Responsibility The Urban Context and Major Aging Issues Supports and Resources in the Urban Environment Working With the Aging Population Making a Difference Meeting Urban Needs Implications for the Future For Further Study References 13. On Urban Ground: An Integrated Framework for Working With African American Grandparent Caregivers Gaynell M. Simpson, Belinda Davis Smith, and Dana Burdell Wilson Multigenerational and Skipped-Generation Households Grandfather Caregivers Historical Traditions of African American Caregiving An Integrated Framework: Ecological Perspective, Strengths Perspective, and Empowerment Theory A Collective Response to Urban Grandparent Caregiving The Faith Community Family Ties Project Implications for the Future For Further Study References 14. Coping With Loss and Grief in Urban Communities Tanya L. Sharpe and Margaret E. Pittman Loss Grief Coping With Urban Traumatic Loss and Grief Implications for the Future For Further Study References SECTION V: SUBSTANCE ABUSE, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION 15. Youth Violence—An Overview: Prevalence and Intervention Strategies to Address Violence Among Urban African American Youth Rhonda Wells-Wilbon, Von E. Nebbitt, and Margaret Lombe Conceptualizing Youth Violence Prevalence of Exposure to Youth Violence Youth Violence Across Domains Preventive Interventions Implications For Further Study References 16. Providing Culturally Sensitive Intervention With Urban African American Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Yvonne V. Greene and Marni N. Seyyid Overview of Intimate Partner Violence Culturally Competent Practice Societal Perceptions of African American Women and Men Unique Cultural Challenges Faced by African American Women in Violent Intimate Relationships and Barriers to Reporting Implications for Social Work Practice Case Study For Further Study References 17. Substance Use Prevention in the Urban Environment Anthony Estreet Substance Use Prevention Models of Substance Use Prevention Substance Abuse Prevention Frameworks Promising Culturally Specific Prevention Framework: Afrocentric Theory Substance Use Prevention Moves Toward Evidence-Based Practices Prevention Programs That Work Prevention Program Highlight Implications for Social Work For Further Study References 18. Substance Use Treatment Approaches in the Urban Environment Anthony Estreet Treatment for Substance Use Disorders Levels of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Detoxification Programs Inpatient Treatment Residential Treatment Partial Hospitalization Treatment Intensive Outpatient Treatment Traditional Outpatient Treatment Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches Motivational Enhancement Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Afrocentric Paradigm as an Emerging Treatment Approach for African Americans Implications for Social Work Practice For Further Study References 19. Educating Social Workers in a Client-Centered Defense Practice Lori James-Townes and Marquis Chandler Two Professions: Serving Those Disproportionately Impacted by Over-Incarceration The Maryland Office of Public Defender: Serving the Urban Community MOPD: A National Model Training the Defense-Based Social Worker Implications for the Future For Further Study Notes References 20. Urban Gangs: Epidemiological Criminology as a Theoretical Framework for Social Work Practice Kevin Daniels, Stacy A. Smith, Paul Archibald, and Timothy Akers African American Urban Settings and Criminal Behavior The Geospatial and Global Origins of Gang Activity Contextualizing the Dynamics and Complexities of Urban Gangs Evolution of the Hybrid Gang Family Epidemiological Criminology as a Theoretical Framework in Social Work Practice Evidence-Based Practice Within Urban Settings Case Study: C-Gangs Implications for Social Work For Further Study References SECTION VI: NAVIGATING THE URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENT 21. Research With Urban African American Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Implications for Quasi-Community-Based Participatory Research and Community Action Research M. Taqi Tirmazi, Von E. Nebbitt, Kim Dobson Sydnor, and Dawn Thurman Context for Conducting Research Among African American Urban Youth Socioecocultural and Acculturation Theory Community-Based Participatory Research and Participatory Action Research Implications For Further Study Note References 22. Leadership and Administration of Systems in Urban Settings Colette Walker Thomas and Jarrell J. McRae Definitions Macro Practice as an Urban Social Work Leader Guiding Organizational Change Working Within Systems: Quality Service Delivery Versus Organizational Expectations Urban Leaders Leading With Grace Organizational Culture and Leadership Navigating Resources in an Urban Community Implications for the Future For Further Study References 23. Urgency and Advocacy for Organizational Change in Urban Public School Settings: A Social Work Perspective on Meeting the Needs of African American Children Claudia Lawrence-Webb Structure of Public U.S. Education System Historical Evolvement of Education in the United States Urban Populations and Educational Policies Perception of Teachers in Urban Environments Building Educational Capacity Implications for the Future For Further Study References 24. Policies That Impact Urban Communities Tricia Bent-Goodley Policies That Impact Urban Communities Framework Education, Violence, and Families: Intersections and Resistance Building on Strengths, Resiliency, and African American Cultural Values Implications For Further Study References Index
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