Yoshikata Koga

Solution Thermodynamics and its Application to Aqueous Solutions (eBook, ePUB)

A Differential Approach

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

As the title suggests, we introduce a novel differential approach to solution thermodynamics and use it for the study of aqueous solutions. We evaluate the quantities of higher order derivative than the normal thermodynamic functions. We allow these higher derivative data speak for themselves without resorting to any model system. We thus elucidate the molecular processes in solution, (referred to in this book "mixing scheme¿), to the depth equal to, if not deeper, than that gained by spectroscopic and other methods. We show that there are three composition regions in aqueous solutions of non-electrolytes, each of which has a qualitatively distinct mixing scheme. The boundary between the adjacent regions is associated with an anomaly in the third derivatives of G. The loci of the anomalies in the temperature-composition field form the line sometimes referred as "Koga line¿. We then take advantage of the anomaly of a third derivative quantity of 1-propanol in the ternary aqueous solution, 1-propanol - sample species - H2O. We use its induced change as a probe of the effect of a sample species on H2O. In this way, we clarified what a hydrophobe, or a hydrophile, and in turn, an amphiphile, does to H2O. We also apply the same methodology to ions that have been ranked by the Hofmeister series. We show that the kosmotropes (salting out, or stabilizing agents) are either hydrophobes or hydration centres, and that chaotropes (salting in, or destablizing agents) are hydrophiles.

• A new differential approach to solution thermodynamics
• A particularly clear elucidation of the mixing schemes in aqueous solutions
• A clear understandings on the effects of hydrophobes, hydrophiles, and amphiphiles to H2O
• A clear understandings on the effects of ions on H2O in relation to the Hofmeister effect
• A new differential approach to studies in muti-component aqueous solutions

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
• Seitenzahl: 310
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. November 2007
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780080551876
• Artikelnr.: 38125620

Autorenporträt

Dr. Koga's group introduced a new approach to the thermodynamic studies of aqueous solutions. They devised methods of measuring various thermodynamic quantities differentially. These methods allow them to experimentally evaluate the intermolecular interaction, the key quantity in the so-called "many-body problem. The group has started applying this new methodology to aqueous solutions of biopolymers. As a recognition of his contribution to solution thermodynamics, he was awarded the Society Award by The Japan Society of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis in 2006. In 2011, he obtained for the first time in the world a fourth derivative of Gibbs energy and named it "Acceleration of the effect of solute on entropy-volume cross fluctuation density."