As seen from the perspective of 1492, the medieval expansion of Latin Europe was not nearly as dramatic or enduring as in the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic. Castile and Portugal also transformed the Atlantic Ocean from the inaccessible dead-end of Eurasia into the most promising avenue for European expansion. The articles collected here investigate the extent to which the 'transference' of Mediterranean traditions aided this process; the characteristics of Iberian conflict that eventually led to the success of its Christian kingdoms; and the motives for launching, and techniques for running, the first European 'overseas empires' in the Atlantic frontier. In the process they illuminate the new identities and cultural interactions that this expansion produced in its wake, while the new introduction sets them in the broader context.
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