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The field of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children is one in which there has been much recent research activity, leading to new clinical perspectives. This book for the first time summarises the state of the art in this field. A team of eminent clinicians, neurologists and researchers provide an up-to-the-minute account of all aspects of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children, ranging from a historical perspective to future directions, through epidemiology, the latest neuroimaging techniques, neurodevelopment, co-morbidities, diagnosis and treatment. The authors practical…mehr
The field of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children is one in which there has been much recent research activity, leading to new clinical perspectives. This book for the first time summarises the state of the art in this field. A team of eminent clinicians, neurologists and researchers provide an up-to-the-minute account of all aspects of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children, ranging from a historical perspective to future directions, through epidemiology, the latest neuroimaging techniques, neurodevelopment, co-morbidities, diagnosis and treatment. The authors practical approach to the clinical problems makes this essential reading for practising clinicians. It will also be of interest to researchers in the field.
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Edited by: Vijeya Ganesan, Institute of Child Health, University College London Fenella Kirkham, Institute of Child Health, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London
Inhaltsangabe
AUTHORS' APPOINTMENTS ix 1. CHILDHOOD STROKE - THE UNKINDEST CUT OF ALL: A HISTORY OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD 1 Andrew N. Williams and Fenella J. Kirkham 2. DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN CIRCULATION 17 Chao Bao Luo, Marina Sachet Ferreira, Hortensia Alvarez, Georges Rodesch and Pierre L. Lasjaunias 3. THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD STROKE 22 Gabrielle deVeber 4. CLINICAL AND IMAGING FEATURES OF CHILDHOOD STROKE 27 4.1 CLINICAL SYNDROMES 27 4.1.1 ANTERIOR CIRCULATION STROKE 27 Fenella J. Kirkham 4.1.2 POSTERIOR CIRCULATION STROKES IN CHILDREN 38 Bhuwan P. Garg 4.1.3 SPINAL CORD STROKE 43 Bettina Harms, Jason MacDonald and Fenella J. Kirkham 4.2 NEUROIMAGING 48 4.2.1 IMAGING OF PAEDIATRIC STROKE 48 Dawn E. Saunders and W.K. Kling Chong 4.2.2 RECENT ADVANCES IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 57 Fernando Calamante, Jacques-Donald Tournier and Alan Connelly 5. RISK FACTORS AND TRIGGERS FOR CRYPTOGENIC (AND SYMPTOMATIC) STROKE 84 5.1 CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES FROM INFECTIOUS/INFLAMMATORY ORIGIN 84 Guillaume Sébire and Benedict Michel (with a section on human immunodeficiency virus by Nomazulu Dlamini and Fenella J. Kirkham) 5.2 THROMBOPHILIA AND CHILDHOOD STROKE 91 Ulrike Nowak-Göttl and Ronald Sträter 5.3 HYPERTENSION AND CHILDHOOD STROKE 94 Juan C. Kupferman, Fenella J. Kirkham and Steven Pavlakis 5.4 TRAUMA 96 Fenella J. Kirkham 5.5 IRON DEFICIENCY 96 Fenella J. Kirkham 5.6 PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND PARADOXICAL EMBOLISM 96 Vijeya Ganesan and Fenella J. Kirkham 6. ARTERIAL ISCHAEMIC STROKE AND VASCULAR DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD 107 6.1 CERVICOCEPHALIC ARTERIAL DISSECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE 107 Göran Darius Hildebrand and Stéphane Chabrier 6.2 TRANSIENT CEREBRAL ARTERIOPATHY 115 Guillaume Sébire 6.3 MOYAMOYA SYNDROME IN CHILDHOOD 120 Vijeya Ganesan and Brian G.R. Neville 6.4 CEREBRAL VASCULITIS 127 Russell C. Dale 6.5 VASOSPASM 131 Fenella J. Kirkham 6.6 TORTUOSITY AND DOLICHOECTASIA 132 Katharine M.L. Forrest 6.7 DEVELOPMENTAL VENOUS ANOMALIES 133 Mara Prengler and Fenella J. Kirkham 7. CEREBAL SINOVENOUS (VENOUS SINUS) THROMBOSIS 145 Gabrielle deVeber 8. HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE 160 8.1 NON-TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN CHILDREN 160 Vijeya Ganesan and Dawn E. Saunders 8.2 SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE IN CHILDREN 169 Joan P. Grieve and Neil D. Kitchen 8.3 INTERVENTIONAL NEURORADIOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANEURYSMS AND ARTERIOVENOUS SHUNTS IN CHILDREN 172 Chao Bao Luo, Marina Sachet Ferreira, Hortensia Alvarez, Georges Rodesch, Pierre L. Lasjuanias and Stefan K. Brew 8.4 STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS IN CHILDREN 177 M.W.R. Radatz and A.A. Kemeny 9. NEONATAL STROKE 183 9.1 PERINATAL ARTERIAL STROKE 183 Frances Cowan and Eugenio Mercuri 9.2 INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN THE NEWBORN 194 Fenella J. Kirkham and Frances Cowan 10. VEIN OF GALEN ANEURYSMAL MALFORMATION 204 Chao Bao Luo, Marina Sachet Ferreira, Hortensia Alvarez, Georges Rodesch, Pierre L. Lasjaunias and Stefan K. Brew 11. STURGE-WEBER SYDROME 212 Sarah Aylett 12. HEMPILEGIC MIGRAINE 217 Sarah Benton, Michel D. Ferrari, Fenella J. Kirkham and Peter J. Goadsby 13. ALTERNATING HEMIPLEGIA OF CHILDHOOD 225 Jean Aicardi and Fenella J. Kirkham 14. INBORN METABOLIC DISEASE AND ACUTE FOCAL NEUROLOGY 233 Robert Surtees and Fenella J. Kirkham 15. SYMPTOMATIC STROKE 245 15.1 CARDIAC DISORDERS 245 Vijeya Ganesen 15.2 GENETICALLY DETERMINED VASCULOPATHIES AND STROKE SYNDROMES WITHOUT NEUROCUTANEOUS STIGMATA 251 Fenella J. Kirkham and Nomazulu Dlamini 15.3 GENETICALLY DETERMINED VASCULOPATHIES AND STROKE SYNDROMES WITH NEUROCUTANEOUS SYNDROMES 256 Fenella J. Kirkham 15.4 CONGENITAL AND ACQUIRED ANAEMIAS 261 Dimitrios Zafeiriou, Mara Prengler, Steven Pavlakis and Fenella J. Kirkham 15.5 IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION 287 Fenella J. Kirkham 15.6 PREMATURE AGEING SYDROMES (PROGERIAS) 287 Fenella J. Kirkham 15.7 STROKE IN CHILDREN WITH CANCER 288 Fenella J. Kirkham 15.8 INFLAMMATORY VASCULOPATHIES 293 Fenella J. Kirkham 16. ACUTE MANAGEMENT 319 Rebecca Ichord, Anne Yardumian, Fenella J. Kirkham and Gabrielle DeVeber 17. RECURRENCE, OUTCOME AND REHABILITATION 337 17.1 RECURRENCE AND SECONDARY PREVENTION 337 Vijeya Ganesan and Fenella J. Kirkham 17.2 OUTCOME AFTER STROKE IN CHILDHOOD 340 Anne Gordon, Lucinda Carr, Vijeya Ganesan, Fenella J. Kirkham and Gabrielle deVeber 17.3 ONTOGENETIC SPECIALIZATION OF HEMISPHERIC FUNCTION 354 Faraneh Vargha-Khadem, Elizabeth Isaacs, Kate Watkins and Mortimer Mishkin 17.4 NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS 362 Amy Savage, Catherine Hill, Fenella J. Kirkham and Alexandra Hogan 17.5 SICKLE CELL DISEASE: COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIOURAL OUTCOME 370 Alexandra Hogan 17.6 REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE IN CHILDREN 380 Anne Gordon and Lucinda Carr 18. FUTURE DIRECTIONS 398 Vijeya Ganesan and Fenella J. Kirkham INDEX 403 Colour plates fall between pages 212 and 213.
AUTHORS' APPOINTMENTS ix 1. CHILDHOOD STROKE - THE UNKINDEST CUT OF ALL: A HISTORY OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD 1 Andrew N. Williams and Fenella J. Kirkham 2. DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN CIRCULATION 17 Chao Bao Luo, Marina Sachet Ferreira, Hortensia Alvarez, Georges Rodesch and Pierre L. Lasjaunias 3. THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD STROKE 22 Gabrielle deVeber 4. CLINICAL AND IMAGING FEATURES OF CHILDHOOD STROKE 27 4.1 CLINICAL SYNDROMES 27 4.1.1 ANTERIOR CIRCULATION STROKE 27 Fenella J. Kirkham 4.1.2 POSTERIOR CIRCULATION STROKES IN CHILDREN 38 Bhuwan P. Garg 4.1.3 SPINAL CORD STROKE 43 Bettina Harms, Jason MacDonald and Fenella J. Kirkham 4.2 NEUROIMAGING 48 4.2.1 IMAGING OF PAEDIATRIC STROKE 48 Dawn E. Saunders and W.K. Kling Chong 4.2.2 RECENT ADVANCES IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 57 Fernando Calamante, Jacques-Donald Tournier and Alan Connelly 5. RISK FACTORS AND TRIGGERS FOR CRYPTOGENIC (AND SYMPTOMATIC) STROKE 84 5.1 CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES FROM INFECTIOUS/INFLAMMATORY ORIGIN 84 Guillaume Sébire and Benedict Michel (with a section on human immunodeficiency virus by Nomazulu Dlamini and Fenella J. Kirkham) 5.2 THROMBOPHILIA AND CHILDHOOD STROKE 91 Ulrike Nowak-Göttl and Ronald Sträter 5.3 HYPERTENSION AND CHILDHOOD STROKE 94 Juan C. Kupferman, Fenella J. Kirkham and Steven Pavlakis 5.4 TRAUMA 96 Fenella J. Kirkham 5.5 IRON DEFICIENCY 96 Fenella J. Kirkham 5.6 PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND PARADOXICAL EMBOLISM 96 Vijeya Ganesan and Fenella J. Kirkham 6. ARTERIAL ISCHAEMIC STROKE AND VASCULAR DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD 107 6.1 CERVICOCEPHALIC ARTERIAL DISSECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE 107 Göran Darius Hildebrand and Stéphane Chabrier 6.2 TRANSIENT CEREBRAL ARTERIOPATHY 115 Guillaume Sébire 6.3 MOYAMOYA SYNDROME IN CHILDHOOD 120 Vijeya Ganesan and Brian G.R. Neville 6.4 CEREBRAL VASCULITIS 127 Russell C. Dale 6.5 VASOSPASM 131 Fenella J. Kirkham 6.6 TORTUOSITY AND DOLICHOECTASIA 132 Katharine M.L. Forrest 6.7 DEVELOPMENTAL VENOUS ANOMALIES 133 Mara Prengler and Fenella J. Kirkham 7. CEREBAL SINOVENOUS (VENOUS SINUS) THROMBOSIS 145 Gabrielle deVeber 8. HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE 160 8.1 NON-TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN CHILDREN 160 Vijeya Ganesan and Dawn E. Saunders 8.2 SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE IN CHILDREN 169 Joan P. Grieve and Neil D. Kitchen 8.3 INTERVENTIONAL NEURORADIOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANEURYSMS AND ARTERIOVENOUS SHUNTS IN CHILDREN 172 Chao Bao Luo, Marina Sachet Ferreira, Hortensia Alvarez, Georges Rodesch, Pierre L. Lasjuanias and Stefan K. Brew 8.4 STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS IN CHILDREN 177 M.W.R. Radatz and A.A. Kemeny 9. NEONATAL STROKE 183 9.1 PERINATAL ARTERIAL STROKE 183 Frances Cowan and Eugenio Mercuri 9.2 INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN THE NEWBORN 194 Fenella J. Kirkham and Frances Cowan 10. VEIN OF GALEN ANEURYSMAL MALFORMATION 204 Chao Bao Luo, Marina Sachet Ferreira, Hortensia Alvarez, Georges Rodesch, Pierre L. Lasjaunias and Stefan K. Brew 11. STURGE-WEBER SYDROME 212 Sarah Aylett 12. HEMPILEGIC MIGRAINE 217 Sarah Benton, Michel D. Ferrari, Fenella J. Kirkham and Peter J. Goadsby 13. ALTERNATING HEMIPLEGIA OF CHILDHOOD 225 Jean Aicardi and Fenella J. Kirkham 14. INBORN METABOLIC DISEASE AND ACUTE FOCAL NEUROLOGY 233 Robert Surtees and Fenella J. Kirkham 15. SYMPTOMATIC STROKE 245 15.1 CARDIAC DISORDERS 245 Vijeya Ganesen 15.2 GENETICALLY DETERMINED VASCULOPATHIES AND STROKE SYNDROMES WITHOUT NEUROCUTANEOUS STIGMATA 251 Fenella J. Kirkham and Nomazulu Dlamini 15.3 GENETICALLY DETERMINED VASCULOPATHIES AND STROKE SYNDROMES WITH NEUROCUTANEOUS SYNDROMES 256 Fenella J. Kirkham 15.4 CONGENITAL AND ACQUIRED ANAEMIAS 261 Dimitrios Zafeiriou, Mara Prengler, Steven Pavlakis and Fenella J. Kirkham 15.5 IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION 287 Fenella J. Kirkham 15.6 PREMATURE AGEING SYDROMES (PROGERIAS) 287 Fenella J. Kirkham 15.7 STROKE IN CHILDREN WITH CANCER 288 Fenella J. Kirkham 15.8 INFLAMMATORY VASCULOPATHIES 293 Fenella J. Kirkham 16. ACUTE MANAGEMENT 319 Rebecca Ichord, Anne Yardumian, Fenella J. Kirkham and Gabrielle DeVeber 17. RECURRENCE, OUTCOME AND REHABILITATION 337 17.1 RECURRENCE AND SECONDARY PREVENTION 337 Vijeya Ganesan and Fenella J. Kirkham 17.2 OUTCOME AFTER STROKE IN CHILDHOOD 340 Anne Gordon, Lucinda Carr, Vijeya Ganesan, Fenella J. Kirkham and Gabrielle deVeber 17.3 ONTOGENETIC SPECIALIZATION OF HEMISPHERIC FUNCTION 354 Faraneh Vargha-Khadem, Elizabeth Isaacs, Kate Watkins and Mortimer Mishkin 17.4 NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS 362 Amy Savage, Catherine Hill, Fenella J. Kirkham and Alexandra Hogan 17.5 SICKLE CELL DISEASE: COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIOURAL OUTCOME 370 Alexandra Hogan 17.6 REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE IN CHILDREN 380 Anne Gordon and Lucinda Carr 18. FUTURE DIRECTIONS 398 Vijeya Ganesan and Fenella J. Kirkham INDEX 403 Colour plates fall between pages 212 and 213.
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"This textbook will serve as an excellent reference for pediatric and adult neurologists, particularly those with an interest in stroke. Haematologists, neuroradiologists, and rehabilitation specialists in stroke will find the book interesting as well." -- The Lancet Neurology, 1 July 2011
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