Sustainable Solutions for Environmental Pollution, Volume 1 (eBook, ePUB)

Waste Management and Value-Added Products
Redaktion: El-Gendy, Nour Shafik

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION This first volume in a broad, comprehensive two-volume set, Sustainable Solutions for Environmental Pollution, concentrates on the role of waste management in solving pollution problems and the value-added products that can be created out of waste, turning a negative into an environmental and economic positive. Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems facing our world today, in every country, region, and even down to local landfills. Not just solving these problems, but turning waste into products, even products that can make money, is a huge game-changer in the world of environmental engineering. Finding ways to make fuel and other products from solid waste, setting a course for the production of future biorefineries, and creating a clean process for generating fuel and other products are just a few of the topics covered in the groundbreaking new first volume in the two-volume set, Sustainable Solutions for Environmental Pollution. The valorization of waste, including the creation of biofuels, turning waste cooking oil into green chemicals, providing sustainable solutions for landfills, and many other topics are also covered in this extensive treatment on the state of the art of this area in environmental engineering. This groundbreaking new volume in this forward-thinking set is the most comprehensive coverage of all of these issues, laying out the latest advances and addressing the most serious current concerns in environmental pollution. Whether for the veteran engineer or the student, this is a must-have for any library. AUDIENCE Petroleum, chemical, process, and environmental engineers, other scientists and engineers working in the area of environmental pollution, and students at the university and graduate level studying these areas

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 512
• Erscheinungstermin: 20. September 2021
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119785415
• Artikelnr.: 62709839

Autorenporträt

Nour Shafik El-Gendy, PhD, is a professor in the field of petroleum and environmental biotechnology, advisor for the Egyptian Minster of Environment, vice head for Department of Process Design & Development and former head manager of Petroleum Biotechnology Lab, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI). She is an editor, reviewer, and contributor to many scientific journals, and she has numerous awards, papers, and presentations to her credit, including being the author or co-author of several books. She is vice coordinator of the Scientific Research Committee, National Council for Women (NCW) of Egypt and member in the Egyptian Young Academy of Sciences (EYAS). El-Gendy is an expert in the field of environmental pollution, wastewater treatment, biofuel, petroleum upgrading, green chemistry, nanobiotechnology, recycling of wastes and biocorrosion. She has extensive research, teaching, and lecturing experience, and she is the co-editor of the book, Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining, also available from Wiley-Scrivener.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xv

1 An Overview of Electro-Fermentation as a Platform for Future Biorefineries 1
Tae Hyun Chung and Bipro Ranjan Dhar

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Fundamental Mechanisms 5

1.3 Value-Added Products from Electro-Fermentation 7

1.3.1 Carboxylates 11

1.3.1.1 Short-Chain Carboxylates 11

1.3.1.2 Medium-Chain Carboxylates 13

1.3.2 Bioethanol 14

1.3.3 Bio-Butanol 16

1.3.4 Microalgae Derived Lipids 18

1.3.5 Acetoin 21

1.3.6 Biopolymer 23

1.3.7 L-lysine 25

1.3.8 1,3-propanediol 27

1.4 Challenges and Future Outlook 29

1.5 Acknowledgements 30

References 30

2 Biodiesel Sustainability: Challenges and Perspectives 41
Hussein N. Nassar, Abdallah R. Ismail and Nour Sh. El-Gendy

Abbreviations 42

2.1 Introduction 44

2.2 Biodiesel Production 48

2.3 Factors Affecting Biodiesel Production Process 51

2.3.1 The Type of Feedstock 51

2.3.2 The Type of Alcohol 54

2.3.3 Effect of Alcohol to Oil Molar Ratio 55

2.3.4 Catalyst Concentration 55

2.3.5 Catalysts Type 56

2.3.5.1 Lipases 56

2.3.5.2 Acid Catalysts 58

2.3.5.3 Alkaline Catalysts 63

2.3.6 Effect of Reaction Temperature 73

2.3.7 Effect of Reaction Time 74

2.3.8 Mixing Efficiency 75

2.3.9 Effect of pH 76

2.4 Transesterification Mechanisms 76

2.4.1 Homogeneous Acid-Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction 76

2.4.2 Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction 77

2.4.3 CaO-Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction 77

2.4.4 Other Calcium Derived-Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction 80

2.5 Production of Biodiesel Using Heterogeneous Catalyst Prepared from Natural Sources 81

2.6 Challenges and Perspectives 94

References 99

3 Multidisciplinary Sides of Environmental Engineering and Sustainability 123
Said S. E. H. Elnashaie

3.1 Introduction 124

3.2 System Theory and Integrated System Approach 126

3.2.1 System Theory 126

3.2.2 The State of the System and State Variables 128

3.2.3 Input Variables (Parameters) 128

3.2.4 Design Variables (Parameters) 128

3.2.5 Physico-Chemical Variables (Parameters) 128

3.2.6 Boundaries of System 129

3.2.6.1 Isolated System 129

3.2.6.2 Closed System 129

3.2.6.3 Open System 129

3.2.7 Steady, Unsteady States and Thermodynamic Equilibrium of Systems 130

3.3 Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Engineering and Environmental Engineering 130

3.3.1 Bio-Fuels and Integrated Bio-Refineries 132

3.3.2 Integrated System Approach 137

3.4 Advanced Multi-Disciplinary Sustainable Engineering Education 139

3.4.1 Bio-Fuels 143

3.4.1.1 Bio-Hydrogen 143

3.4.1.2 Bio-Diesel 143

3.4.1.3 Bio-Ethanol 144

3.4.2 Bio-Products 145

3.4.3 Integrated Bio-Refineries 146

3.4.4 Development of Novel Technologies 147

3.4.5 Economics of Bio-Fuels and Bio-Products 147

3.4.6 Nano-Technology (NT) 148

3.4.7 Non-Linear Dynamics (NLDs), Bifurcation (B), Chaos (C) and Complexity (COMP) 148

3.4.8 Sustainable Development (SD), Sustainable Development Engineering (SDE), System Theory (ST) and Integrated System Approach (ISA) 149

3.4.9 Novel Education 149

3.4.10 New Journal 150

3.5 Novel Designs for Auto-Thermal Behavior Towards Sustainability 152

3.5.1 Integrat