Key themes explored include the School's embrace of the Social Gospel, its defense of faith as a dynamic response to historical and cultural change, and its commitment to interfaith dialogue and comparative religion. Figures such as Joachim Wach and Mircea Eliade shaped the study of religion as a universal human phenomenon, advancing methodological frameworks that continue to influence religious studies today. The School's engagement with pragmatist philosophy, particularly through the works of Ames and Tillich, redefined religious experience as an ethical and existential orientation toward meaning and justice.
The study also addresses significant critiques from fundamentalist, neo-orthodox, feminist, and liberationist perspectives, which challenged the School's liberal theology for its perceived theological reductionism and failure to adequately address systemic oppression. Voices such as James Cone and Rosemary Radford Ruether reoriented the conversation, calling for a theology that centers the experiences of marginalized communities. By examining the tensions between pluralism and prophetic critique, faith and reason, and tradition and modernity, this analysis highlights the complexities and limitations of the Chicago School's theological project.
Ultimately, this work argues that the Chicago School's legacy lies in its vision of theology as a dynamic and evolving inquiry, shaped by intellectual rigor, social responsibility, and a commitment to justice. The Chicago School's influence endures in contemporary debates about faith, ethics, and public life, offering a model of religious thought that continues to challenge and inspire in a world marked by both wonder and suffering.
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