The book also deals with the problem of existence of periodic solutions for the periodically perturbed equation. An important operator, the Poincaré map, is introduced and studied with respect to the existence and multiplicity of its fixed points and periodic points. As a map of the plane into itself, complicated structure and patterns can arise giving numeric evidence of the presence of the so-called chaotic dynamics. Therefore, some novel topological tools are introduced to detect and rigorously prove the existence of periodic solutions as well as analytically prove the existence of chaotic dynamics according to some classical definitions introduced in the last decades. Finally, the rest of the book is devoted to some recent applications in different mathematical models. It carefully describes the technique of "stretching along the paths", which is a very efficient tool to prove rigorously the presence of chaotic dynamics.
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