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Jews and Judaism played a significant role in the history of the expansion of Europe to the west as well as in the history of the economic, social, and religious development of the New World. They played an important role in the discovery, colonization, and eventually exploitation of the resources of the New World. Alone among the European peoples who came to the Americas in the colonial period, Jews were dispersed throughout the hemisphere; indeed, they were the only cohesive European ethnic or religious group that lived under both Catholic and Protestant regimes, which makes their study…mehr
Jews and Judaism played a significant role in the history of the expansion of Europe to the west as well as in the history of the economic, social, and religious development of the New World. They played an important role in the discovery, colonization, and eventually exploitation of the resources of the New World. Alone among the European peoples who came to the Americas in the colonial period, Jews were dispersed throughout the hemisphere; indeed, they were the only cohesive European ethnic or religious group that lived under both Catholic and Protestant regimes, which makes their study particularly fruitful from a comparative perspective. As distinguished from other religious or ethnic minorities, the Jewish struggle was not only against an overpowering and fierce nature but also against the political regimes that ruled over the various colonies of the Americas and often looked unfavorably upon the establishment and tleration of Jewish communities in their own territory. Jews managed to survive and occasionally to flourish against all odds, and their history in the Americas is one of the more fascinating chapters in the early modern history of European expansion.
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Autorenporträt
Norman Fiering is the author of two books that were awarded the Merle Curti Prize for Intellectual History by the Organization of American Historians and of numerous articles. Since 1983, he has been Director of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.
Inhaltsangabe
List of Illustrations Preface Norman Fiering Introduction: A Milder Colonization: Jewish Expansion to the New World, and the New World in the Jewish Consciousness of the Early Modern Era Paolo Bernardini PART I: THE OLD NEWWORLD: IDEAS AND REPRESENTATIONS OF AMERICA IN EUROPEAN AND JEWISH CONSCIOUSNESS AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY Chapter 1. Biblical History and the Americas: The Legend of Solomon's Ophir, 1492-1591 James Romm Chapter 2. Knowledge of Newly Discovered Lands among Jewish Communities of Europe (from 1492 to the Thirty Years' War) Noah J. Efron Chapter 3. Jewish Scientists and the Origin of Modern Navigation Patricia Seed Chapter 4. The Hope of the Netherlands: Menasseh ben Israel and the Dutch Idea of America Benjamin Schmidt Chapter 5. Israel in America: The Wanderings of the Lost Ten Tribes from Mikveigh Yisrael to Timothy McVeigh David S. Katz PART II: IDENTITY AT STAKE: CONCEALING, PRESERVING, AND RESHAPING JUDAISM AMONG THE CONVERSOS AND MARRANOS OF SPANISH AMERICA Chapter 6. New Christian, Marrano, Jew Robert Rowland Chapter 7. Marrano Religiosity in Hispanic America in the Seventeenth Century Nathan Wachtel Chapter 8. Crypto-Jews and the Mexican Holy Office in the Seventeenth Century Solange Alberro Chapter 9. The Participation of New Christians and Crypto-Jews in the Conquest, Colonization, and Trade of Spanish America, 1521-1660 Eva Alexandra Uchmany Chapter 10. Crypto-Jews and New Christians in Colonial Peru and Chile Günter Böhm PART III: THE LUSO-BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE: JEWS IN PORTUGUESE LATIN AMERICA Chapter 11. Marranos and the Inquisition: On the Gold Route in Minas Gerais, Brazil Anita Novinsky Chapter 12. Outcasts from the Kingdom: The Inquisition and the Banishment of New Christians to Brazil Geraldo Pieroni PART IV: FROM TOLERATION TO EXPULSION: IDENTITY,TRADE, AND STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL IN FRANCE AND CARIBBEAN FRENCH AMERICA Chapter 13. The Portuguese Jewish Nation of Saint-Esprit-lès-Bayonne: The American Dimension Gérard Nahon Chapter 14. Atlantic Trade and Sephardim Merchants in Eighteenth-Century France: The Case of Bordeaux Silvia Marzagalli Chapter 15. Jewish Settlements in the French Colonies in the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Cayenne) and the "Black Code" Mordechai Arbell Chapter 16. New Christians/"New Whites": Sephardic Jews, Free People of Color, and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue, 1760-1789 John D. Garrigus PART V: BLOSSOMING IN ANOTHERWORLD: THE JEWS AND THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN DUTCH AMERICA Chapter 17. The Jews of Dutch America Jonathan I. Israel Chapter 18. The Jews in Suriname and Curaçao Wim Klooster Chapter 19. An Atlantic Perspective on the Jewish Struggle for Rights and Opportunities in Brazil, New Netherland, and New York James Homer Williams Chapter 20. Antecedents and Remnants of Jodensavanne: The Synagogues and Cemeteries of the First Permanent Plantation Settlement of New World Jews Rachel Frankel PART VI: "THE BROKERS OF THEWORLD": AMERICAN JEWS, NEW CHRISTIANS, AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE Chapter 21. Jews and New Christians in the Atlantic Slave Trade Seymour Drescher Chapter 22. New Christians and Jews in the Sugar Trade, 1550-1750: Two Centuries of Development of the Atlantic Economy James C. Boyajian Chapter 23. New Christians as Sugar Cultivators and Traders in the Portuguese Atlantic, 1450-1800 Ernst Pijning Chapter 24. The Jewish Moment and the Two Expansion Systems in the Atlantic, 1580-1650 Pieter Emmer PART VII: THE JEWS IN COLONIAL BRITISH AMERICA Chapter 25. The Jews in British America Jonathan D. Sarna Notes on Contributors Name Index Place Index Subject Index
List of Illustrations Preface Norman Fiering Introduction: A Milder Colonization: Jewish Expansion to the New World, and the New World in the Jewish Consciousness of the Early Modern Era Paolo Bernardini PART I: THE OLD NEWWORLD: IDEAS AND REPRESENTATIONS OF AMERICA IN EUROPEAN AND JEWISH CONSCIOUSNESS AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY Chapter 1. Biblical History and the Americas: The Legend of Solomon's Ophir, 1492-1591 James Romm Chapter 2. Knowledge of Newly Discovered Lands among Jewish Communities of Europe (from 1492 to the Thirty Years' War) Noah J. Efron Chapter 3. Jewish Scientists and the Origin of Modern Navigation Patricia Seed Chapter 4. The Hope of the Netherlands: Menasseh ben Israel and the Dutch Idea of America Benjamin Schmidt Chapter 5. Israel in America: The Wanderings of the Lost Ten Tribes from Mikveigh Yisrael to Timothy McVeigh David S. Katz PART II: IDENTITY AT STAKE: CONCEALING, PRESERVING, AND RESHAPING JUDAISM AMONG THE CONVERSOS AND MARRANOS OF SPANISH AMERICA Chapter 6. New Christian, Marrano, Jew Robert Rowland Chapter 7. Marrano Religiosity in Hispanic America in the Seventeenth Century Nathan Wachtel Chapter 8. Crypto-Jews and the Mexican Holy Office in the Seventeenth Century Solange Alberro Chapter 9. The Participation of New Christians and Crypto-Jews in the Conquest, Colonization, and Trade of Spanish America, 1521-1660 Eva Alexandra Uchmany Chapter 10. Crypto-Jews and New Christians in Colonial Peru and Chile Günter Böhm PART III: THE LUSO-BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE: JEWS IN PORTUGUESE LATIN AMERICA Chapter 11. Marranos and the Inquisition: On the Gold Route in Minas Gerais, Brazil Anita Novinsky Chapter 12. Outcasts from the Kingdom: The Inquisition and the Banishment of New Christians to Brazil Geraldo Pieroni PART IV: FROM TOLERATION TO EXPULSION: IDENTITY,TRADE, AND STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL IN FRANCE AND CARIBBEAN FRENCH AMERICA Chapter 13. The Portuguese Jewish Nation of Saint-Esprit-lès-Bayonne: The American Dimension Gérard Nahon Chapter 14. Atlantic Trade and Sephardim Merchants in Eighteenth-Century France: The Case of Bordeaux Silvia Marzagalli Chapter 15. Jewish Settlements in the French Colonies in the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Cayenne) and the "Black Code" Mordechai Arbell Chapter 16. New Christians/"New Whites": Sephardic Jews, Free People of Color, and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue, 1760-1789 John D. Garrigus PART V: BLOSSOMING IN ANOTHERWORLD: THE JEWS AND THE JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN DUTCH AMERICA Chapter 17. The Jews of Dutch America Jonathan I. Israel Chapter 18. The Jews in Suriname and Curaçao Wim Klooster Chapter 19. An Atlantic Perspective on the Jewish Struggle for Rights and Opportunities in Brazil, New Netherland, and New York James Homer Williams Chapter 20. Antecedents and Remnants of Jodensavanne: The Synagogues and Cemeteries of the First Permanent Plantation Settlement of New World Jews Rachel Frankel PART VI: "THE BROKERS OF THEWORLD": AMERICAN JEWS, NEW CHRISTIANS, AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE Chapter 21. Jews and New Christians in the Atlantic Slave Trade Seymour Drescher Chapter 22. New Christians and Jews in the Sugar Trade, 1550-1750: Two Centuries of Development of the Atlantic Economy James C. Boyajian Chapter 23. New Christians as Sugar Cultivators and Traders in the Portuguese Atlantic, 1450-1800 Ernst Pijning Chapter 24. The Jewish Moment and the Two Expansion Systems in the Atlantic, 1580-1650 Pieter Emmer PART VII: THE JEWS IN COLONIAL BRITISH AMERICA Chapter 25. The Jews in British America Jonathan D. Sarna Notes on Contributors Name Index Place Index Subject Index
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