Isaac Newton

The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

First published in 1687, "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", often referred to as simply the "Principia", is a work in three books by Isaac Newton. "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", arguably the most important book published in modern European history, began by offering the reader three basic principles, which have come to be known as Newton's three laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics. It is also considered an essential work which states Newton's law of universal gravitation and a derivation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion (which Kepler first obtained empirically). "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is considered one of the most important works in the history of science. The French mathematical physicist Alexis Clairaut assessed it in 1747: "The famous book of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy marked the epoch of a great revolution in physics. The method followed by its illustrious author Sir Newton ... spread the light of mathematics on a science which up to then had remained in the darkness of conjectures and hypotheses." In formulating his physical theories, Newton developed and used mathematical methods now included in the field of calculus. But the language of calculus as we know it was largely absent from the "Principia"; Newton gave many of his proofs in a geometric form of infinitesimal calculus, based on limits of ratios of vanishingly small geometric quantities. (Source: wikipedia.org)

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: E-BOOKARAMA
• Altersempfehlung: ab 13 Jahre
• Erscheinungstermin: 10. November 2024
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9791220223829
• Artikelnr.: 60586294

Autorenporträt

Sir Isaac Newton, FRS , was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist. His Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, is considered to be the most influential book in the history of science. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries and is the basis for modern engineering. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the scientific revolution.In mechanics, Newton enunciated the principles of conservation of momentum and angular momentum. In optics, he invented the reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into a visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus. He also demonstrated the generalised binomial theorem, developed the so-called "Newton's method" for approximating the zeroes of a function, and contributed to the study of power series.Newton was also highly religious (though unorthodox), producing more work on Biblical hermeneutics than the natural science he is remembered for today.In a 2005 poll of the Royal Society asking who had the greater effect on the history of science, Newton was deemed much more influential than Albert Einstein.

Inhaltsangabe

Definitions; The Axioms, or the Laws of Motion; On the Motion of Bodies, Book One: I.1. On the theory of limits, which is used to deduce later results; I.2. On the calculation of centripetal forces; I.3. On the motion of particles in eccentric conic sections; I.4. On the calculation of elliptical, parabolic, and hyperbolic orbits; I.5. On the calculation of orbits when neither focus is given; I.6. On the calculation of motion in given orbits; I.7. On the ascent and descent of particles in a straight line; I.8. On the calculation of the orbits in which particles revolve under any centripetal forces; I.9. On the motion of particles in moving orbits, and the motion of the apsides; I.10. On the motion of particles on given surfaces, and the swinging motion of a string pendulum; I.11. On the motion of particles attracting each other by centripetal forces; I.12. On the attractive forces of spherical bodies; I.13. On the attractive forces of non-spherical bodies; I.14. On the motion of particles attracted by centripetal forces towards the various parts of arbitrarily large bodies; On the Motion of Bodies, Book Two: II.1. On the motion of particles moving against a resistance that is proportional to the speed; II.2. On the motion of bodies moving against a resistance that is proportional to the square of the speed; III.3. On the motion of bodies to which the resistance consists of one part that is proportional to the speed, and another to the square of the speed; II.4. On the circular motion of bodies in resisting media; II.5. On the density and compression of fluids, and on hydrostatics; II.6. On the motion and resistance of string pendulums; II.7. On the motion of fluids and the resistance of projectiles; II.8. On motion propagated through fluids; II.9. On the circular motion of fluids; On Celestial Mechanics, Book Three: Introduction to Book Three; The Rules of Scientific Argument; Phenomena; Propositions; On the motion of the nodes of the moon; General Scholium; A. Mathematical notation and results assumed in The Principia; B. Calculus in The Principia; C. Newton's astronomy; D. Newton's theory of tides; E. Technical terms used in the translation; F. On Newton's style, and translating The Principia; G. Some difficult words; H. Astrological symbols; I. Glossary of Latin terms; J. Technological illustrations; References; Index.