M. E. McMillam

The Meaning of Mecca (eBook, ePUB)

The Politics of Pilgrimage in Early Islam

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

The hajj, the fifth pillar of Islam, is a religious duty to be performed once in a lifetime by all Muslims who are able. The Prophet Muhammad set out the rituals of hajj when he led what became known as the Farewell Hajj in 10 AH / 632AD. This set the seal on Muhammad’s career as the founder of a religion and the leader of a political entity based on that religion. The convergence of the Prophet with the politician infuses the hajj with political, as well as religious, significance. For the caliphs who led the Islamic community after Muhammad’s death, leadership of the hajj became a position of enormous political relevance as it presented them with an unrivalled opportunity to proclaim their pious credentials and reinforce their political legitimacy. Exhaustively researched, The Meaning of Mecca is the first study to analyse the leadership of the hajj in the formative and medieval periods and to assess the political subtext of Islam’s most high-profile religious ritual.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Saqi Books
• Seitenzahl: 196
• Erscheinungstermin: 5. Dezember 2011
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780863568954
• Artikelnr.: 39261529

Autorenporträt

ME McMillan was awarded a PhD in Islamic History at the University of St Andrews and has worked as a translator for the UN Security Council.

Inhaltsangabe

CONTENTS
Acknowledgements i
Note on Conventions ii
Introduction: The Politics of Pilgrimage 1
1. The Context: The Prophet's Precedent:
The Farewell Hajj of 10/632 5
The Prophet and the Pilgrimage 5
The Rituals of the Hajj 8
The Meaning of Mecca for the Muslim Community 14
2. Following in the Prophet's Footsteps:
The Era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs 17
Table 1 17
Abu Bakr: Leadership of the Hajj & the Nature of
Authority in Islam 22
'Umar & 'Uthman: The Hajj as a Channel of Communication 25
'Ali b. Abi ?alib: All Roads Do Not Lead to Mecca 31
The Hajj as a Platform for Rebellion 34
Conspicuous by their Absence: Who Did Not Lead the Hajj 37
3. Mu'awiyah b. Abi Sufyan:
A New Regime and A New Hajj Policy 39
Table 2 39
Mu'awiyah & Leadership of the Hajj 43
Political Choreography:
The Hajj of the Caliph's Successor Son 48
The Ruling Family and Leadership of the Íajj 52
Leading the Hajj by Proxy: The Governorship of Medina
& the Politics of Martyrdom 54
Conspicuous by their Absence: Who Did Not Lead the Íajj 61
4. The Caliphate in Transition:
The Hajj as a Barometer of Political Change 63
Table 3 63
Yazid & Leadership of the Hajj:
The Haram as an Ideological Battleground 66
Ibn al-Zubayr: Rebel or Ruler? 73
Alternative Uses of the Íajj:
The Haram as the Centre of an Information Network 78
The Hajj of 68 AH: A Platform for Rebellion 80
5. The Return of the Umayyads & the Reintroduction of the
Sufyanid Hajj Policy 82
Table 4 82
A Tale of Two Holy Cities: Mecca, Jerusalem & the Hajj 86
The Hajj of 72 AH: A Barometer of Political Change 89
Restoring Precedent: The Caliph's Victory Hajj of 75 AH 93
The Issue of Succession: The Íajj Seasons of 78 AH & 81 AH 95
The Governors of Medina and Leadership of the Hajj:
The Sufyanid Model Revisited 100
6. A House Dividing
The Successor Sons of 'Abd al-Malik:
al-Walid & Sulayman 106
Table 5 106
Power & Patronage: The Caliphal Hajj of 91 AH 109
Following in His Predecessors' Footsteps:
Al-Walid's Succession Policy & Leadership of the Hajj 113
Following in His Predecessors' Footsteps II:
Al-Walid's Governors of Medina & Leadership of the Hajj 116
The Caliphal Pilgrimage of 97 AH:
Hajj and Jihad in the Same Year 121
The Politics of Protest: Sulayman's Governors of the
Holy Cities & Leadership of the Hajj 126
7. 'Umar II and Yazid II: A Different Approach to the Hajj 131
Table 6 131
'Umar II: A Hajj Policy Based in the Hijaz 133
Yazid II: Another Hajj Policy Based in the Hijaz 137
'Umar II, Yazid II & Leadership of the Hajj:
Some Unanswered Questions 141
8. The Last of a Line: Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik 145
Table 7 145
Restoring Precedent: The Caliphal Hajj of 106 AH 150
The Hajj of the Heir Apparent in 116 AH 155
The Hajj of the Would-Be Heir Apparent in 119 AH 158
Keeping it in the Family: Hisham's Governors of the
Holy Cities & Leadership of the Íajj 162
All Roads Lead to Mecca:
The Hajj as a Platform for Rebellion 165
9. The Third and Final Generation:
al-Walid II to Marwan II 167
Table 8 167 The Hajj of 125 AH: The Politics of Reprisal Revisited 170 The
Hajj of 126 AH: The Search for Umayyad Unity 176
The Ongoing Search for Umayyad Unity:
The Hajj Seasons of 127 AH and 128 AH 181 The Hajj Seasons 129 AH to 131
AH: Power Slips Away 183
10. Summary: The Meaning of Mecca 191
Power and Patronage at the Pilgrimage 191 Governing Islam's First Cities
and Leadership of the Hajj 192
The Politics of Protest: Alternative Uses of the Hajj 195
The Politics of Pilgrimage 196
Appendix A: The Sources & Their Challenges 199
Appendix B: Further Reading on the Hajj & the Umayyads 216
Bibliography 223