The Molecular Genetics of Aging (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Hekimi, Siegfried

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

This book offers insight into the current state of investigation into the genetic basis of aging and longevity. It has been written by scientists at the forefront of their field, thus providing a cross-section of current research. The topics covered include work with model organisms such as yeast, fruit flies, the nematode C. elegans, and mice. The most recent findings on the genetics of centenarians and the link between reproduction and life span in humans are also treated. The level of investigation ranges from the identification of life span determining genes by classic epidemiological methods to direct manipulation of rates of aging by molecular biological techniques in the most experimentally tractable systems. Further, it critically examines the significance of some lines of investigation and highlights those theories which may be most capable of providing a synthetic view of current data in the field of aging.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• Seitenzahl: 240
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Dezember 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9783540480037
• Artikelnr.: 53316151

Inhaltsangabe

Centenarians and the Genetics of Longevity.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Are Centenarians a New Phenomenon?.- 3 Centenarians Are the Fastest Growing Age Group.- 4 Are Centenarians Different?.- 5 The Centenarian Phenotype: Compressing Morbidity Towards the End of Life.- 6 Evidence from Centenarians Supporting a Strong Genetic Influence upon Longevity.- 7 Siblings of Centenarians Live Longer.- 8 Parents of Centenarians also Achieve Unusually Old Age.- 9 Four Families with Clustering for Extreme Longevity.- 10 Middle-Aged Mothers Live Longer: An Evolutionary Link Between Reproductive Success and Longevity-Enabling Genes.- 11 In Our Near Future.- References.- Coordination of Metabolic Activity and Stress Resistance in Yeast Longevity.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Phenomenology of Yeast Aging.- 3 Genetics of Longevity.- 4 Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging.- 5 Primacy of Metabolic Control.- Current Issues Concerning the Role of Oxidative Stress in Aging: A Perspective.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Concept of Life Span: A Cautionary Note.- 3 Metabolic Rate, Stress Resistance and Antioxidative Defenses.- 4 Current Evidential Status of the Oxidative Stress Hypothesis of Aging.- 5 Longevity Studies in Transgenic Drosophila.- 6 Hazards of Life-Span Analysis in Drosophila.- 7 Conclusions.- References.- Regulation of Gene Expression During Aging.- 1 Importance of Examining Gene Expression During Aging.- 2 Drosophila as a Model System for Studying Gene Expression During Aging.- 3 Enhancer Trap and Reporter Gene Techniques Can Be Used to Study Gene Expression During Aging.- 4 The Level of Expression of Many Genes Is Dynamically Changing During Adult Life in Drosophila melanogaster.- 5 Gene Expression Is Carefully Regulated During Adult Life in Drosophila melanogaster.- 6 Some Genes Are Regulated by Mechanisms That Are Linked to Life Span and May Serve as Biomarkers of Aging.- 7 The Expression of Some Genes Is Not Changed by Environmental or Genetic Manipulations That Alter Life Span.- 8 Use of Temporal Patterns of Gene Expression as Biomarkers of Aging.- 9 The drop-dead Mutation May Be Used to Accelerate Screens for Long-Lived Mutations.- 10 Studies on Gene Expression Suggest That Not All Things Fall Apart During Aging.- 11 Conclusions.- References.- Crossroads of Aging in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Dormancy.- 3 The Rate of Living.- 4 Caloric Restriction.- 5 How Many Different Mechanisms?.- 6 A Unifying Hypothesis.- Contributions of Cell Death to Aging in C. elegans.- 1 Introduction.- 2 C. elegans as Model for Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging.- 3 Cell Death.- 4 Roles of Cell Death in C. elegans Aging, Future Directions..- References.- Stress Response and Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans.- 1 Introduction.- 2 C. elegans Life History - Life in a Stressful Environment.- 3 Longevity (Age) Mutations.- 4 Aging and Stress Response.- 5 Stress and Life-Span Determination.- References.- Oxidative Stress and Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Genetics and Environment Causes of Aging.- 3 Isolation of Mutants.- 4 Fecundity.- 5 Life Span.- 6 Aging Markers.- 7 Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity.- 8 Molecular Cloning of mev-1.- 9 Enzyme Activity of Cytochrome b560.- 10 Mutagenesis.- 11 Apoptosis in mev-1 and rad-8 Mutants.- 12 Mechanism of Cell Damage by the mev-1 Mitochondrial Abnormality.- 13 Other C. elegans Life-Span Mutants Show Abnormal Responses to Oxidative Stress.- 14 Closing Comments.- Mutation Accumulation In Vivo and the Importance of Genome Stability in Aging and Cancer.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vivo ModelSystems for Measuring Mutations.- 3 The lacZ-Plasmid Mouse Model for Mutation Detection.- 4 Monitoring Mutation Accumulation in Mice with Defects in Genome Stability Pathways.- 5 Summary and General Discussion.- References.- Delayed Aging in Ames Dwarf Mice. Relationships to Endocrine Function and Body Size.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Ames Dwarf Mice.- 3 Snell Dwarf Mice.- 4 Development and Longevity of Dwarf Mice.- 5 Longevity of Snell Dwarf Mice and the Issues of Husbandry.- 6 Possible Mechanisms of Delayed Aging in Dwarf Mice.- 7 General Conclusions and Future Directions.- Stem Cells and Genetics in the Study of Development, Aging, and Longevity.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Development as a Reversible Restriction of Developmental Potential.- 3 Stem Cell Populations Drive Developmental Systems.- 4 Stem Cell Populations as Critical Targets of Damage During Aging.- 5 Hematopoietic Stem Cells as a Model Population for Studies of Aging.- 6 Telomeres.- 7 A Link Between Stem Cell Replication and Organismal Life Span in the Mouse.- 8 Conclusions and Final Thoughts.- References.