In Dante's time, the perception of time was still heavily shaped by the Church's teachings. Time was not seen as a linear, secular measure as it is often conceptualized today, but as a divine structure underpinned by the will of God. Time and eternity, as conceptualized by the medieval Church, were intertwined and understood through the lens of Christian eschatology, which asserted that human history was directed toward an ultimate end, the Last Judgment. Time, in this sense, was a fleeting moment in which each individual's actions determined their eternal fate.
Dante's portrayal of time, particularly in his journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, is influenced by the framework established by the Church Fathers, such as Augustine of Hippo, whose Confessions (397-400 AD) proposed a profound shift in the understanding of time. Augustine's meditation on time, in which he famously asked, "What then is time?" suggested that time was a product of human consciousness and memory. According to Augustine, the past is a memory, the future is a hope, and the present moment is fleeting and unstable. In The Divine Comedy, Dante echoes this fragmented conception of time, especially in his depictions of Hell, where time seems to stagnate, and in Paradise, where time is subsumed into eternity.
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