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As the capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have increased over recent years, so have the challenges of how to govern its usage. Consequently, prominent stakeholders across academia, government, industry, and civil society have called for states to devise and deploy principles, innovative policies, and best practices to regulate and oversee these increasingly powerful AI tools. Developing a robust AI governance system requires extensive collective efforts throughout the world. It also raises old questions of politics, democracy, and administration, but with the new challenges posed by…mehr
As the capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have increased over recent years, so have the challenges of how to govern its usage. Consequently, prominent stakeholders across academia, government, industry, and civil society have called for states to devise and deploy principles, innovative policies, and best practices to regulate and oversee these increasingly powerful AI tools. Developing a robust AI governance system requires extensive collective efforts throughout the world. It also raises old questions of politics, democracy, and administration, but with the new challenges posed by AI's growing influence on markets, governing structures, international relations, healthcare, science, and political activism. The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance delineates the scope of these issues and addresses the key questions of AI governance. Across forty-nine chapters, organized in nine major sections, the Handbook covers the theoretical and ethical foundations of AI governance, different frameworks for developing a governance structure for AI, practical perspectives on AI governance in different policy domains, economic analyses of AI governance, and concrete lessons about the impact of AI governance domestically and internationally. Chapter authors come from a wide set of disciplines, areas of study, and cultural backgrounds, providing a global perspective on AI governance.
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Justin B. Bullock is Associate Professor Affiliate of Governance at the Evans School of Public Policy and Governance at the University of Washington. Yu-Che Chen is Isaacson Professor and Professor in the School of Public Administration at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Johannes Himmelreich is Assistant Professor of Public Administration and International Affairs at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs and Faculty Affiliate in Philosophy at Syracuse University. Valerie M. Hudson is University Distinguished Professor and holds the George H. W. Bush chair in the Department of International Affairs of the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A & M University. Anton Korinek is Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia, David M. Rubenstein Fellow at Brookings, and Economics of AI Lead at the Centre for the Governance of AI. Matthew M. Young is Assistant Professor of Public Administration at Leiden University. Baobao Zhang is Maxwell Dean Assistant Professor of the Politics of AI at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University and Research Affiliate at the Centre for the Governance of AI.
Inhaltsangabe
* List of Contributors * Introduction to The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance * Justin B. Bullock, Yu-Che Chen, Johannes Himmelreich, Valerie M. Hudson, Anton Korinek, Matthew M. Young, and Baobao Zhang * I. Section 1: Introduction and Overview * Justin B. Bullock * 1. AI Governance: Overview and Theoretical Lenses * Allan Dafoe * 2. AI Challenges for Society and Ethics * Jess Whittlestone and Sam Clarke * 3. Aligned with Whom? Direct and Social Goals for AI Systems * Anton Korinek and Avital Balwit * 4. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence: A Historical Perspective * Ben Garfinkel * 5. AI Governance Multi-Stakeholder Convening * K. Gretchen Greene * II. Section 2: Value Foundations of AI Governance * Johannes Himmelreich * 6. Fairness * Kate Vredenburgh * 7. Governing Privacy * Carissa Veliz * 8. The Concept of Accountability in AI Ethics and Governance * Theodore M. Lechterman * 9. Governance via Explainability * David Danks * 10. Power and AI: Nature and Justification * Seth Lazar * 11. AI and Structural Injustice: Foundations for Equity, Values, and Responsibility * Johannes Himmelreich and Désirée Lim * 12. Beyond Justice: Artificial Intelligence and the Value of Community * Juri Viehoff * III. Section 3: Developing an AI Governance Regulatory Ecosystem * Valerie M. Hudson * 13. Transnational Digital Governance and Its Impact on Artificial Intelligence * Mark Dempsey, Keegan McBride, Meeri Haataja, and Joanna J. Bryson * 14. Standing Up a Regulatory Ecosystem for Governing AI Decision Making: Principles and Components * Valerie M. Hudson * 15. Legal Elements of an AI Regulatory Permit Program * Brian Wm. Higgins * 16. AI Loyalty by Design: A Framework for Governance of AI * Anthony Aguirre, Peter B. Reiner, Harry Surden, and Gaia Dempsey * 17. Information Markets and AI Development * Jack Clark * 18. Aligning AI Regulation to Sociotechnical Change * Matthijs M. Maas * IV. Section 4: Frameworks and Approaches for AI Governance * Yu-Che Chen and Matthew M. Young * 19. The Challenge of AI Governance for Public Organizations * Justin B. Bullock, Hsini Huang, Kyoung-Cheol Kim, and Matthew M. Young * 20. An Ecosystem Framework of AI Governance * Bernd W. Wirtz, Paul F. Langer, and Jan C. Weyerer * 21. Governing AI Systems for Public Values: Design Principles and a Process Framework * Yu-Che Chen and Michael Ahn * 22. System Safety and Artificial Intelligence * Roel I. J. Dobbe * V. Section 5: Assessment and Implementation of AI Governance * Matthew M. Young and Yu-Che Chen * 23. Assessing AI-Automated Administration * Cary Coglianese and Alicia Lai * 24. Transparency's Role in AI Governance * Alex Ingrams and Bram Klievink * 25. The Anatomy of AI Audits: Form, Process, and Consequences * Inioluwa Deborah Raji * 26. Mitigating Algorithmic Biases through Incentive-Based Rating Systems * Nicol Turner Lee * 27. Role and Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Public Policy Cycle * David Valle-Cruz and Rodrigo Sandoval-Almazán * VI. Section 6: AI Governance from the Ground Up (Views from the Public, Impacted Communities, and Activists within the Tech Community) * Baobao Zhang * 28. Public Opinion Toward Artificial Intelligence * Baobao Zhang * 29. Adding Complexity to Advance AI Organizational Governance Models * Jasmine McNealy * 30. The Role of Workers in AI Ethics and Governance * Nataliya Nedzhvetskaya and JS Tan * 31. Structured Access: An Emerging Paradigm for Safe AI Deployment * Toby Shevlane * 32. AI, Complexity, and Regulation * Laurin B. Weissinger * VII. Section 7: Economic Dimensions of AI Governance * Anton Korinek * 33. Technological Unemployment * Daniel Susskind * 34. Harms of AI * Daron Acemoglu * 35. AI and the Economic and Informational Foundations of Democracy * Carles Boix * 36. Governing AI to Advance Shared Prosperity * Katya Klinova * 37. Preparing for the (Non-Existent?) Future of Work * Anton Korinek and Megan Juelfs * VIII. Section 8: Domestic Policy Applications of AI * Johannes Himmelreich * 38. Artificial Intelligence for Adjudication: The Social Security Administration and AI Governance * Kurt Glaze, Daniel E. Ho, Gerald K. Ray, and Christine Tsang * 39. Watching the Watchtower: A Surveillance AI Analysis and Framework * Stephen Caines * 40. Smart City Technologies: A Political Economy Introduction to Their Governance Challenges * Beatriz Botero Arcila * 41. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care * Nakul Aggarwal, Michael E. Matheny, Carmel Shachar, Samantha Wang, and Sonoo Thadaney-Israni * 42. AI, Fintech, and the Evolving Regulation of Consumer Financial Privacy * Nikita Aggarwal * IX. Section 9: International Politics and AI Governance * Justin B. Bullock * 43. Dueling Perspectives in AI and U.S.-China Relations: Technonationalism vs. Technoglobalism * Jeffrey Ding * 44. Mapping State Participation in Military AI Governance Discussions * Elsa B. Kania and Justin Key Canfil * 45. AI, the International Balance of Power, and National Security Strategy * Michael C. Horowitz, Shira Pindyck, and Casey Mahoney * 46. The Ghost of AI Governance Past, Present, and Future: AI Governance in the European Union * Charlotte Stix * 47. AI and International Politics * Sarah E. Kreps and Amelia C. Arsenault * 48. The Critical Roles of Global South Stakeholders in AI Governance * Marie-Therese Png * 49. NATO's Role in Responsible AI Governance in Military Affairs * Zoe Stanley-Lockman and Lena Trabucco * Index
* List of Contributors * Introduction to The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance * Justin B. Bullock, Yu-Che Chen, Johannes Himmelreich, Valerie M. Hudson, Anton Korinek, Matthew M. Young, and Baobao Zhang * I. Section 1: Introduction and Overview * Justin B. Bullock * 1. AI Governance: Overview and Theoretical Lenses * Allan Dafoe * 2. AI Challenges for Society and Ethics * Jess Whittlestone and Sam Clarke * 3. Aligned with Whom? Direct and Social Goals for AI Systems * Anton Korinek and Avital Balwit * 4. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence: A Historical Perspective * Ben Garfinkel * 5. AI Governance Multi-Stakeholder Convening * K. Gretchen Greene * II. Section 2: Value Foundations of AI Governance * Johannes Himmelreich * 6. Fairness * Kate Vredenburgh * 7. Governing Privacy * Carissa Veliz * 8. The Concept of Accountability in AI Ethics and Governance * Theodore M. Lechterman * 9. Governance via Explainability * David Danks * 10. Power and AI: Nature and Justification * Seth Lazar * 11. AI and Structural Injustice: Foundations for Equity, Values, and Responsibility * Johannes Himmelreich and Désirée Lim * 12. Beyond Justice: Artificial Intelligence and the Value of Community * Juri Viehoff * III. Section 3: Developing an AI Governance Regulatory Ecosystem * Valerie M. Hudson * 13. Transnational Digital Governance and Its Impact on Artificial Intelligence * Mark Dempsey, Keegan McBride, Meeri Haataja, and Joanna J. Bryson * 14. Standing Up a Regulatory Ecosystem for Governing AI Decision Making: Principles and Components * Valerie M. Hudson * 15. Legal Elements of an AI Regulatory Permit Program * Brian Wm. Higgins * 16. AI Loyalty by Design: A Framework for Governance of AI * Anthony Aguirre, Peter B. Reiner, Harry Surden, and Gaia Dempsey * 17. Information Markets and AI Development * Jack Clark * 18. Aligning AI Regulation to Sociotechnical Change * Matthijs M. Maas * IV. Section 4: Frameworks and Approaches for AI Governance * Yu-Che Chen and Matthew M. Young * 19. The Challenge of AI Governance for Public Organizations * Justin B. Bullock, Hsini Huang, Kyoung-Cheol Kim, and Matthew M. Young * 20. An Ecosystem Framework of AI Governance * Bernd W. Wirtz, Paul F. Langer, and Jan C. Weyerer * 21. Governing AI Systems for Public Values: Design Principles and a Process Framework * Yu-Che Chen and Michael Ahn * 22. System Safety and Artificial Intelligence * Roel I. J. Dobbe * V. Section 5: Assessment and Implementation of AI Governance * Matthew M. Young and Yu-Che Chen * 23. Assessing AI-Automated Administration * Cary Coglianese and Alicia Lai * 24. Transparency's Role in AI Governance * Alex Ingrams and Bram Klievink * 25. The Anatomy of AI Audits: Form, Process, and Consequences * Inioluwa Deborah Raji * 26. Mitigating Algorithmic Biases through Incentive-Based Rating Systems * Nicol Turner Lee * 27. Role and Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Public Policy Cycle * David Valle-Cruz and Rodrigo Sandoval-Almazán * VI. Section 6: AI Governance from the Ground Up (Views from the Public, Impacted Communities, and Activists within the Tech Community) * Baobao Zhang * 28. Public Opinion Toward Artificial Intelligence * Baobao Zhang * 29. Adding Complexity to Advance AI Organizational Governance Models * Jasmine McNealy * 30. The Role of Workers in AI Ethics and Governance * Nataliya Nedzhvetskaya and JS Tan * 31. Structured Access: An Emerging Paradigm for Safe AI Deployment * Toby Shevlane * 32. AI, Complexity, and Regulation * Laurin B. Weissinger * VII. Section 7: Economic Dimensions of AI Governance * Anton Korinek * 33. Technological Unemployment * Daniel Susskind * 34. Harms of AI * Daron Acemoglu * 35. AI and the Economic and Informational Foundations of Democracy * Carles Boix * 36. Governing AI to Advance Shared Prosperity * Katya Klinova * 37. Preparing for the (Non-Existent?) Future of Work * Anton Korinek and Megan Juelfs * VIII. Section 8: Domestic Policy Applications of AI * Johannes Himmelreich * 38. Artificial Intelligence for Adjudication: The Social Security Administration and AI Governance * Kurt Glaze, Daniel E. Ho, Gerald K. Ray, and Christine Tsang * 39. Watching the Watchtower: A Surveillance AI Analysis and Framework * Stephen Caines * 40. Smart City Technologies: A Political Economy Introduction to Their Governance Challenges * Beatriz Botero Arcila * 41. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care * Nakul Aggarwal, Michael E. Matheny, Carmel Shachar, Samantha Wang, and Sonoo Thadaney-Israni * 42. AI, Fintech, and the Evolving Regulation of Consumer Financial Privacy * Nikita Aggarwal * IX. Section 9: International Politics and AI Governance * Justin B. Bullock * 43. Dueling Perspectives in AI and U.S.-China Relations: Technonationalism vs. Technoglobalism * Jeffrey Ding * 44. Mapping State Participation in Military AI Governance Discussions * Elsa B. Kania and Justin Key Canfil * 45. AI, the International Balance of Power, and National Security Strategy * Michael C. Horowitz, Shira Pindyck, and Casey Mahoney * 46. The Ghost of AI Governance Past, Present, and Future: AI Governance in the European Union * Charlotte Stix * 47. AI and International Politics * Sarah E. Kreps and Amelia C. Arsenault * 48. The Critical Roles of Global South Stakeholders in AI Governance * Marie-Therese Png * 49. NATO's Role in Responsible AI Governance in Military Affairs * Zoe Stanley-Lockman and Lena Trabucco * Index
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