Michael Numan

The Parental Brain (eBook, ePUB)

Mechanisms, Development, and Evolution

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

The Parental Brain: Mechanisms, Development, and Evolution presents a comprehensive analysis of how the brain regulates parental behavior in nonhuman animals and in humans, how these brain mechanisms develop, and how such development can go awry, leading to faulty parental behavior. Further, the proposal is examined that the maternal brain served as a foundation or template for the evolution of other types of strong prosocial bonds in mammals, such as the hyper-prosociality that occurs in humans. Unique aspects of this book are its multilevel perspective and the integration and comparison of animal and human research in order to create a complete understanding of the parental brain. Topics covered include the following: ? Maternal, paternal, and alloparental behavior ? Hormonal regulation of parental behavior ? Oxytocin and parental behavior ? Subcortical neural circuits regulating parental behavior in nonhuman mammals ? The interactions between cortical and subcortical neural circuits that are associated with parental cognitions, emotions, and behavior in humans ? How maternal care directed toward one's infants influences the development of the parental brain in the affected infants ? The intergenerational transmission or continuity of normal and abnormal maternal behavior ? The involvement of epigenetics and gene by environment interactions in the development of the parental brain ? Evolutionary perspectives on the parental brain, particularly with respect to alloparenting and cooperative breeding that have provided a framework for appreciating how the parental brain could have provided a foundation for the hyper-prosociality that occurs within human social groups This book will be a valuable resource for behavioral neuroscientists and neuroendocrinologists, social neuroscientists, developmental psychobiologists and psychologists, anthropologists, and evolutionary psychologists with an interest in parental behavior, mother-infant relationships, child development, and the evolution of prosocial behavior.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Oxford University Press
• Seitenzahl: 400
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. Mai 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780190848699
• Artikelnr.: 59599695

Autorenporträt

Michael Numan received his PhD from the University of Chicago. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the Association for Psychological Science (APS). His research focuses on the neural mechanisms of maternal behavior. He was a Professor of Psychology at Boston College (1975-2012), and he is currently a Research Professor of Psychology at the University of New Mexico-Albuquerque.

Inhaltsangabe

* Chapter 1. Introduction
* Chapter 2. Parental Behavior: Descriptions, Terms, and Definitions
* 1. Parental Behavior in Vertebrates
* 2. Parental Behavior in Mammals
* Chapter 3. Hormonal Control of Maternal Behavior in Nonhuman Mammals
* 1. Introduction
* 2. Hormonal Regulation of Maternal Behavior in Rats, Rabbits, and
Sheep
* 3. Hormones and Maternal Behavior in Mice
* 4. The Maintenance of Maternal Behavior and the Onset-Maintenance
Dichotomy in Rats
* Rabbits, and Sheep
* 5. Hormones and Maternal Behavior in Nonhuman Primates
* 6. General Conclusions
* Chapter 4. Brain Mechanisms Regulating Maternal Behavior in Nonhuman
Mammals: Oxytocin and Olfaction
* 1. Introduction
* 2. A Tour of the Rodent Brain
* 3. Oxytocin and Maternal Behavior
* 4. Olfaction and Maternal Behavior in Rodents, Rabbits, and Sheep
* 5. General Conclusions
* Chapter 5. Central Neural Circuits Regulating Maternal Behavior in
Nonhuman Mammals
* 1. Introduction
* 2. The Essential Role of the Medial Preoptic Area
* 3. The Larger Neural Circuitry within Which the MPOA Operates to
Influence Maternal
* Behavior
* 4. Neural Plasticity within Maternal Brain Circuits, the Maintenance
of Maternal Behavior, and
* Maternal Memory
* 5. General Conclusions
* Chapter 6. Anxiety Reduction and Maternal Aggression in Postpartum
Nonhuman Mammals
* 1. Introduction
* 2. Behavioral Characteristics of the Postpartum Reduction in
Fearfulness
* 3. Behavioral Characteristics of the Postpartum Increase in Maternal
Aggression
* 4. Opposing Roles of Oxytocin (OT) and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor
(CRF) in Anxiety-
* Related Behaviors
* 5. The Neural Circuitry of Maternal Aggression
* 6. The Neural Circuitry of Fear/Anxiety and the Mechanisms Mediating
its Postpartum
* Downregulation
* 7. Critical Evaluation of the Hypothesis that Decreased Activity
within Fear/Anxiety Neural
* Circuits Exerts a Permissive Effect on the Occurrence of Maternal
Aggression by Releasing
* Aggression Circuits from Inhibition
* 8. The Effects of High Activity within CRF Neural Systems on
Infant-Directed Maternal Behavior
* 9. Conclusions
* Chapter 7. Alloparental Behavior and Paternal Behavior in Nonhuman
Mammals
* 1. Introduction
* 2. The Laboratory Mouse as an Experimental Model of Allomaternal
behavior
* 3. Alloparental Behavior in Prairie Voles
* 4. Alloparental Behavior in Marmosets and Tamarins
* 5. Conclusions on Alloparenting
* 6. Naturally Occurring Paternal Behavior
* 7. Experimentally-Induced Paternal Behavior in Mammalian Species that
Naturally Exhibit a
* Uniparental Maternal Care System
* 8. Conclusions on Paternal Behavior
* Chapter 8. The Parental Brain in Humans
* 1. Introduction
* 2. Subcortical Neural Regions and Circuits Implicated in the Maternal
Behavior of Women
* 3. Cortical Neural Regions and Circuits Relevant to Maternal Behavior
in Women
* 4. Cortical Neural Activations Associated with Maternal
Responsiveness in Women
* 5. Postpartum Depression
* 6. The Paternal Brain in Men
* 7. General Conclusions
* Chapter 9. Development of the Parental Brain in Nonhuman Mammals
* 1. Introduction
* 2. Normal Variations in Maternal Licking/Grooming of Pups Affect the
Development of the
* MPOA-to-VTA-to-NA Circuit in Rodent Offspring
* 3. Normal Variations in Maternal Licking/Grooming of Pups Affect the
Development of
* Neural Circuits that Regulate Stress Reactivity, Fearfulness, and
Anxiety in Rodent Offspring
* 4. The Effects of Various Forms of Maternal Neglect of a Young Infant
on the Subsequent
* Development of Maternal Behavior and its Associated Neural Systems in
the Affected Infant
* 5. Conclusions
* Chapter 10. Development of the Parental Brain in Humans
* 1. Introduction
* 2. The Intergenerational Transmission of Maternal Responsiveness: A
Behavioral Analysis
* 3. Normal Variations in Parental Behavior are Related to the
Development of the Parental Brain
* in Offspring
* 4. The Relationships Between Abnormal Parental Care and the
Development of Neural Circuits
* that Could Impact Parental Behavior in the Affected Offspring
* 5. Conclusions
* Chapter 11. Evolutionary Perspectives on the Parental Brain
* 1. Introduction
* 2. Brain Modifications that May Underpin Alloparental Behavior
* 3. MPOA Interactions with the Mesolimbic DA System Regulate the
Appetitive Aspects of
* Maternal Behavior, Male Sexual Behavior, and Female Sexual Behavior
* 4. Modifications to the Core MPOA-to-VTA-DA Circuit and the Formation
of an Enduring
* Mother-Infant Bond in Mammals
* 5. The Neural Mechanism of the Mother-Infant Bond: A Potential Neural
Foundation for the
* Enduring Pair Bond that Forms between Mates in Socially Monogamous
Mammalian Species
* 6. The Potential Contribution of Maternal Neural Circuits to the
Neural Basis of Human
* Hyper-Cooperation and Hyper-Prosociality
* 7. Conclusions