Through a deep analysis of primary texts and secondary sources, the dissertation engages with the central theological debates on human nature, free will, grace, and the means of salvation. In the early Church, thinkers like Augustine emphasized the imputation of Adam's sin and its hereditary transmission, resulting in a corrupted human nature. In contrast, Eastern theologians such as Gregory of Nyssa and Athanasius offered a vision of the Fall as a loss of divine communion, focusing on the restoration of the divine image in humanity through Christ's Incarnation and the process of theosis.
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