The Enlightenment's mechanistic models, epitomized by Descartes and Newton, introduced deterministic frameworks that were later challenged by the probabilistic and relativistic insights of modern science. The contributions of Hume and Kant redirected the focus of change from external reality to human cognition, emphasizing the role of perception and a priori structures in shaping temporal experience. In the 19th and 20th centuries, thinkers such as Hegel, Bergson, and Whitehead offered dynamic metaphysical frameworks that foregrounded process, creativity, and becoming as the essence of reality.
Postmodern and deconstructive perspectives, particularly those of Derrida, destabilized traditional metaphysical binaries, framing change as an infinite interplay of difference and deferral. Concurrently, developments in physics, biology, and cosmology provided scientific models of change that challenged and enriched philosophical inquiry.
This study argues that change is not a disruption of order but a fundamental principle of existence, reconciling permanence and transformation through dynamic processes of emergence and relationality. By integrating metaphysical, scientific, and ethical perspectives, it highlights the potential of change as a site of creativity, responsibility, and possibility, offering a framework for navigating the uncertainties of an evolving world.
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