Christine K. F. Hermann, Terence C. Morrill, Ralph L. Shriner, Reynold C. Fuson

The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds A comprehensive introduction to the identification of unknown organic compounds Identifying unknown compounds is one of the most important parts of the study of chemistry. From basic characteristics such as melting and/or boiling point to more complex data generated through cutting-edge techniques, the range of possible methods for identifying unknown organic compounds is substantial. The utility of a research reference which compiles known techniques and characteristics of possible compounds is clear. The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds provides such a reference, designed to teach a hands-on approach in the chemistry lab. It takes readers step-by-step through the process of identifying an unknown compound and elucidating its structure from infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra in addition to solubility characteristics, melting point, boiling point, and classification tests. The result is an essential overview for advanced chemistry students looking to understand this exciting area of laboratory work. Readers of the ninth edition of The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds will also find: * A detailed chapter on safety, personal protection equipment, chemical storage, safety data sheets, and other safety concerns * New NMR, IR, and mass spectra with detailed explanations on interpretation * Questions at the end of each chapter designed to facilitate and reinforce progression, keyed to a companion website for instructors * Tables of known compounds including data relevant for identification * Companion website with structural problems from experimental data for students to practice how to reason and solve The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds is a useful reference for advanced undergraduates and graduate students studying organic chemistry, organic spectroscopy, and related subjects.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: For Dummies
• Seitenzahl: 704
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. März 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119799689
• Artikelnr.: 67631657

Autorenporträt

Christine K. F. Hermann, PhD is Professor and Chair of the Department of Chemistry, Radford University, Radford, Virginia, USA.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface ix

About the Companion Website xi

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds: The Need for Organic Qualitative Analysis 1

1.2 Suggestions to Students and Instructors 3

Chapter 2 Laboratory Safety 7

2.1 Working Safely in the Laboratory 7

2.2 Training 10

2.3 Personal Protection Equipment 10

2.4 Safety Data Sheets 11

2.5 Storage of Chemicals 12

2.6 Disposal of Chemicals 13

2.7 Safely Using Equipment in the Laboratory 13

Chapter 3 Identification of Unknowns 15

3.1 Discussion of Report Form 15

3.2 Preliminary Examination 22

3.3 Physical Properties 22

3.4 Molecular Weight Determination 22

3.5 Molecular Formula Determination 23

3.6 Solubility Tests 23

3.7 Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Mass Spectra Analyses 24

3.8 Classification Tests 24

3.9 Preparation of a Satisfactory Derivative 25

3.10 Mixtures 26

3.11 Report Forms 26

Chapter 4 Preliminary Examination, Physical Properties, and Elemental Analysis 31

4.1 Preliminary Examination 32

4.2 Determination of Physical Properties 34

4.3 Optical Rotation 53

4.4 Recrystallization 58

4.5 Qualitative Elemental Analysis 61

4.6 Quantitative Elemental Analysis 69

Chapter 5 Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility 75

5.1 Solubility in Water, Aqueous Acids and Bases, and Ether 76

5.2 Solubility in Organic Solvents 95

Chapter 6 Separation of Mixtures 99

6.1 Preliminary Examinations of Mixtures 100

6.2 Distillation and Sublimation 101

6.3 Extractions: Separations Based Upon

6.4 Chromatography 119

Chapter 7 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry 145

7.1 Theory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 145

7.2 Preparation of the Sample 149

7.3 Proton Spectra 151

7.4 13C Spectra 165

7.5 DEPT 179

7.6 COSY 188

7.7 HSQC 190

Chapter 8 Infrared Spectrometry 227

8.1 Theory of Infrared Spectrometry 227

8.2 Preparation of the Sample 230

8.3 Functional Group Identification 234

Chapter 9 Mass Spectrometry 269

9.1 Theory of Mass Spectrometry 269

9.2 Cleavage Reactions 271

Chapter 10 Chemical Tests for Functional Groups 293

10.1 Acid Anhydrides 296

10.2 Acyl Halides 306

10.3 Alcohols 307

10.4 Aldehydes 323

10.5 Amides 332

10.6 Amines and Amine Salts 334

10.7 Amino Acids 349

10.8 Carbohydrates 351

10.9 Carboxylic Acids 359

10.10 Esters 360

10.11 Ethers 361

10.12 Halides 365

10.13 Hydrocarbons--Alkanes 371

10.14 Hydrocarbons--Alkenes 371

10.15 Hydrocarbons--Alkynes 378

10.16 Hydrocarbons--Aromatic 379

10.17 Ketones 384

10.18 Nitriles 386

10.19 Nitro Compounds 386

10.20 Phenols 389

10.21 Sulfonamides, Sulfonic Acids, Sulfonyl Chlorides 393

Chapter 11 The Preparation of Derivatives 397

11.1 Carboxylic Acids, Acid Anhydrides, Acid Halides 397

11.2 Alcohols 409

11.3 Aldehydes And Ketones 414

11.4 Amides 420

11.5 Amines 424

11.6 Amino Acids 432

11.7 Carbohydrates 437

11.8 Esters 440

11.9 Ethers--Aliphatic 450

11.10 Ethers--Aromatic 451

11.11 Halides--A