Gary Grant

The Water Sensitive City (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

This book advocates a more thoughtful approach to urban water management. The approach involves reducing water consumption, harvesting rainwater, recycling rainwater and adopting Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) where surface water is not sent straight to drains but is intercepted by features like green roofs, rain gardens, swales and ponds.Cities in particular need to change the existing linear model of water consumption and use to a more circular one in order to survive. The Water Sensitive City brings together the various specialised technical discussions that have been continuing for some time into a volume that is more accessible to designers (engineers and architects), urban planners and managers, and policymakers.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Jossey-Bass
• Seitenzahl: 240
• Erscheinungstermin: 22. Februar 2016
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118897645
• Artikelnr.: 44714204

Autorenporträt

Gary Grant is a Chartered Environmentalist, Member of the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, an Academician at the Academy of Urbanism, Member of the All Party Parliamentary Committee on Biodiversity, thesis supervisor at the Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, Chair of the Judges of the Integrated Habitats Design Competition and Director of the Green Roof Consultancy Ltd. After graduating from Nottingham University in 1980 with a degree in Biology, he worked for the London Wildlife Trust (LWT), campaigning for and managing urban wildspace. He conceived the London Wildlife Garden Centre which won a RIBA/Times Award. Later he led the Wildlife in Docklands Project, a joint venture between the Wildfowl and Wetland Trust and LWT, which promoted nature as part of the redevelopment of London's Docklands. In the early 1990s he participated in the Royal Fine Art Commission's River Thames Study and worked on the Natural History Museum's Wildlife Garden. From the early 1990s he has designed green roofs, including the CUE Building at the Horniman Museum. Based in Hong Kong during the much of the 1990s, he worked on housing, tourism and infrastructure projects. In 2003, Gary wrote English Nature's Research Report on green roofs and followed that in 2006 with Green Roofs and Facades published by BRE Press. From 2006 to 2009 he was a Director of EDAW and then AECOM Design + Planning, where he worked on large scale planning projects including the London 2012 Olympic Park, the Bedford Valley River Park, the Whitehill-Bordon Eco Town, Education City, Qatar and Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi.

Inhaltsangabe

About the Author xiii

Acknowledgement xv

1. Water and Cities 1

The Molecule 1

Blue Planet 1

A Global Water Cycle 2

Terrain and Water 2

Seasons and Cycles 4

Variations in Rainfall 4

Changing Climates 5

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide 5

Fossil Fuels and Growth 6

The Ancients and Water 6

Dams 7

Limits 7

Sanitation 9

Pollution 9

Urban Drainage 10

Potable Water 12

Waste 12

Rainwater Harvesting 13

Recycling 14

Biodiversity 14

Restoration 15

The Future 16

Privatization and Regulation 16

Coordination and Cooperation 17

Towards a Better Future 18

2. A Brief History of Water Supply and Sanitation 19

Genesis 19

Bronze Age 20

The First Aqueducts 20

Nineveh 21

The Nile 21

The Minoans 22

Qanats 22

Pompeii 23

Byzantium 24

Yucatan 24

The Incas 25

Qi 26

Lijiang 26

Medieval and Early Modern Europe 26

Early Victorian Period 27

Germ Theory 27

The Great Stink 28

Modern Sewers and Sewage Treatment 28

Sewage Treatment Refined 29

Standards for Sewage Treatment 29

Birmingham Corporation Water Act 1892 30

Los Angeles and the Owens Valley 30

3. Demand 33

Basic Needs 33

Personal Consumption 34

Water Footprint 35

Dependency 36

China 36

Germany 36

India 37

Indonesia 37

Spain 38

United Kingdom 38

Water Footprint of Products 38

Meat 39

Vegetable Crops 39

Power Plants 40

Steel 41

Mining, Oil and Gas 42

When Will Water Consumption Peak? 42

4. Supply 43

The Roof of the World 43

Mountains 44

Forests 45

Reservoirs 46

Impacts of Dams 46

Lowland Rivers 47

Licensing Abstraction 48

Aquifers 48

Nitrate 49

Overabstraction 49

Desalination 50

Reverse Osmosis 50

Impacts of Desalination 51

High Cost of Desalination 51

Rainwater Harvesting 51

Pressure and Pumps 52

Pipework 52

Reliant on Rain 53

5. Climate Change and Water 55

Climate Changes 55

The Greenhouse Effect 55

Callendar 56

Keeling 57

Atmosphere and Oceans 57

Details of the Carbon Cycle 57

The IPCC 58

Stern and the Financial Crisis 58

400 ppm Breached 59

Two Degrees 59

Sea Level Rises 60

Coastal Cities 61

Warmer Seas 62

Ice 62

Feedback Loops 62

Ocean Chemistry 63

Snowmelt 63

Models and Projections 65

Summer Storms 66

Heat Waves 66

Drought 66

6. Microclimate 69

Climate 69

Microclimate 69

City Microclimates 70

Urban Heat?]Island Effect 70

Smog 70

Solving the Air?]Pollution Problem 71

Cooler Roofs 72

Living Walls 73

Trees Cool Streets 74

Parks 75

Quality of Green Space 75

Locating Trees 76

Water Bodies 76

Rivers 76

Heat?]Related De