This book evaluates the use of constructed wetlands for polishing of petroleum refinery wastewater in Nigeria. Secondary treated petroleum refinery wastewater from a refinery was characterized with different types of organic and inorganic pollutants. Horizontal and vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSF CWs) planted with Typha latifolia Cyperus alternifolius and Cynodon dactylon were designed and built for organic matter, heavy metals, nutrients and suspended solids removal. The T. latifolia planted VSSF CWs is a viable alternative for the treatment of secondary refinery wastewater to below standards of the WHO under the prevailing climatic conditions in Nigeria.
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