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VOLCANOES Since the publication of the first edition of Volcanoes in 2010, our world of volcanology has changed in exciting ways. Volcanoes have continued to erupt (some 61 eruptions with VEI magnitudes greater than 3 have taken place since 2010), and in this revised and updated edition, the authors describe the largest of these, and the ones that have had the most impact on society. Volcanoes, Second Edition, contains more than 80 new photographs and figures to better illustrate volcanic features and processes, with an updated Bibliography that includes important papers describing recent…mehr
VOLCANOES Since the publication of the first edition of Volcanoes in 2010, our world of volcanology has changed in exciting ways. Volcanoes have continued to erupt (some 61 eruptions with VEI magnitudes greater than 3 have taken place since 2010), and in this revised and updated edition, the authors describe the largest of these, and the ones that have had the most impact on society. Volcanoes, Second Edition, contains more than 80 new photographs and figures to better illustrate volcanic features and processes, with an updated Bibliography that includes important papers describing recent eruptions and new findings. Volcanologic research is improving the foundations of knowledge upon which all our science rests, and we briefly summarize the most important of these advances and new research tools developed over the past eleven years. The most productive of these new tools are remotely operated, constantly monitoring volcanoes and their impacts on the Earth's atmosphere from space and exploring new volcanic worlds beyond the bounds of Earth. Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are now widely available to understand better the most active volcanoes on Earth - those beneath the sea. This superlative textbook will enable students who may never see an erupting volcano to evaluate news stories about far-away eruptions, and to distinguish between overly sensational stories and factual reporting that puts facts in context. Emergency managers, land use planners, and civic officials also need to understand volcanic processes when their communities are threatened - this book will inform and guide them in their decision-making. Avoiding overly technical discussions and unnecessary use of jargon, with the important needs of civil authorities, teachers and students particularly in mind, this second edition of Volcanoes will also be of interest to general readers who are interested in these fascinating and ever-changing features of our dynamic planet.
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About the Authors After a long career as a volcanologist with the US Geological Survey, John P. Lockwood now resides on the slopes of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, where he is a geologic consultant and affiliate faculty at the University of Hawaii Hilo campus. Richard W. Hazlett is a USGS Research Associate, University of Hawaii Hilo affiliate and Professor Emeritus from Pomona College who has spent decades researching volcanic terrains throughout much of Europe, North America and the Pacific. Servando de la Cruz-Reyna is a Research Professor at the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Mexico (UNAM) and a founder member of the National Civil Protection System Advisory Scientific Committee for the active volcanoes of Mexico.
Inhaltsangabe
Acknowledgments vii Introduction ix 1 An Introduction to Drawing for Interior Design 1 Understanding Orthographic Projection Drawings 5 Orthographic Projection Drawings for Interior Environments 7 Floor Plans 7 Interior Elevations 9 Sections 16 Reflected Ceiling Plans 18 Dimensions 19 Lettering 21 More about Orthographic Projections 22 2 The Design Process and Related Graphics 29 Programming 32 Diagrams and Programming Analysis Graphics 34 Programming Matrices 40 Schematic Design 43 Bubble Diagrams 43 Blocking Diagrams 43 Fit and Stacking Plans 47 Conceptual Design 47 Mood and Inspiration Boards 49 Schematic Presentation Graphics 51 Design Development 60 3 Paraline and Perspective Drawings 63 Paraline Drawings 64 Plan Oblique Drawings 65 Isometric Drawings 67 Perspective Drawings 68 Perspective Basics 68 One-Point Perspective 73 Two-Point Perspective 73 Three-Point Perspective 74 Developing Visual Skills 74 Ellipses 74 Use of Enclosing Boxes 74 4 Drawing and Sketching Interior Environments 81 Estimated One-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 81 Estimated Two-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 87 Prepared Perspective Grid Charts 92 Two-Point Plan Projection Method 94 Using Photographs 97 Drawing Composition and Cropping 99 5 Rendering by Hand 103 Rendering as Illumination 104 Materials, Media, and Tools 105 Rendering Media 106 Rendering Orthographic Projection Drawings 107 Rendering Simplified Shadows 108 Materials and Finishes 109 Color Rendering 111 Additional Tips for Manual Rendering 125 Rendering Perspective Drawings 126 Shadows in Perspective Renderings 126 Rendering Perspective Drawings without Color 126 Rendering Interior Perspectives in Color 132 Techniques and Tips for Perspective Rendering 135 Hybrid Rendering: Combining Hand and Digital Rendering 139 6 SketchUp and Digital Modeling 143 Getting Started in SketchUp 144 SketchUp Drawing Basics 147 Drawing First Steps 147 Navigation Basics 149 Selection 149 More Drawing Basics 152 Creating Plan and Section Views 168 Exporting Files 169 Importing Files 170 Working from Imported CAD Files 171 Working with REVIT and Other File Types 173 Rendering and Materials Selection in SketchUp 173 7 Digital Rendering 175 Rendering in SketchUp 176 SketchUp Extensions 181 Rendering with Photoshop 184 Getting Started with CAD- or Revit-Generated Drawings 184 Rendering Setup 186 Rendering Techniques and Options 189 Rendering Perspectives in Photoshop 197 Revit Rendering 206 8 Scale Models: Physical and Digital 209 Materials and Tools 210 Paperboard 211 Wood 215 Plastics and Foam 217 Additional Tools 217 Construction and Use of Models 219 Physical Scale Models in Professional Practice 224 Digital Fabrication and 3D Printing 228 Virtual Reality 234 9 Presenting Materials and Finishes 239 Materials and Media Used in Making Boards and Physical Presentations 243 Organization and Composition 250 Sample Presentation Board Organizational Approaches 250 Titles, Keys, and Legends 252 Tips for Materials Preparation 255 Digital Presentation 259 10 Making the Complete Presentation 263 Process and Presentation 267 Organization and Composition 268 Physical Presentations 268 Digital Presentation 273 Beyond the Board and Sheet 284 Graphic Design Components 287 Grids 287 Type 288 Creating Hierarchy 291 Public Speaking and Design Communication 293 Verbal Presentation Basics 296 A Few Words from the Experts 298 Appendix: Color Theory for Rendering 303 Index 305
Acknowledgments vii Introduction ix 1 An Introduction to Drawing for Interior Design 1 Understanding Orthographic Projection Drawings 5 Orthographic Projection Drawings for Interior Environments 7 Floor Plans 7 Interior Elevations 9 Sections 16 Reflected Ceiling Plans 18 Dimensions 19 Lettering 21 More about Orthographic Projections 22 2 The Design Process and Related Graphics 29 Programming 32 Diagrams and Programming Analysis Graphics 34 Programming Matrices 40 Schematic Design 43 Bubble Diagrams 43 Blocking Diagrams 43 Fit and Stacking Plans 47 Conceptual Design 47 Mood and Inspiration Boards 49 Schematic Presentation Graphics 51 Design Development 60 3 Paraline and Perspective Drawings 63 Paraline Drawings 64 Plan Oblique Drawings 65 Isometric Drawings 67 Perspective Drawings 68 Perspective Basics 68 One-Point Perspective 73 Two-Point Perspective 73 Three-Point Perspective 74 Developing Visual Skills 74 Ellipses 74 Use of Enclosing Boxes 74 4 Drawing and Sketching Interior Environments 81 Estimated One-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 81 Estimated Two-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 87 Prepared Perspective Grid Charts 92 Two-Point Plan Projection Method 94 Using Photographs 97 Drawing Composition and Cropping 99 5 Rendering by Hand 103 Rendering as Illumination 104 Materials, Media, and Tools 105 Rendering Media 106 Rendering Orthographic Projection Drawings 107 Rendering Simplified Shadows 108 Materials and Finishes 109 Color Rendering 111 Additional Tips for Manual Rendering 125 Rendering Perspective Drawings 126 Shadows in Perspective Renderings 126 Rendering Perspective Drawings without Color 126 Rendering Interior Perspectives in Color 132 Techniques and Tips for Perspective Rendering 135 Hybrid Rendering: Combining Hand and Digital Rendering 139 6 SketchUp and Digital Modeling 143 Getting Started in SketchUp 144 SketchUp Drawing Basics 147 Drawing First Steps 147 Navigation Basics 149 Selection 149 More Drawing Basics 152 Creating Plan and Section Views 168 Exporting Files 169 Importing Files 170 Working from Imported CAD Files 171 Working with REVIT and Other File Types 173 Rendering and Materials Selection in SketchUp 173 7 Digital Rendering 175 Rendering in SketchUp 176 SketchUp Extensions 181 Rendering with Photoshop 184 Getting Started with CAD- or Revit-Generated Drawings 184 Rendering Setup 186 Rendering Techniques and Options 189 Rendering Perspectives in Photoshop 197 Revit Rendering 206 8 Scale Models: Physical and Digital 209 Materials and Tools 210 Paperboard 211 Wood 215 Plastics and Foam 217 Additional Tools 217 Construction and Use of Models 219 Physical Scale Models in Professional Practice 224 Digital Fabrication and 3D Printing 228 Virtual Reality 234 9 Presenting Materials and Finishes 239 Materials and Media Used in Making Boards and Physical Presentations 243 Organization and Composition 250 Sample Presentation Board Organizational Approaches 250 Titles, Keys, and Legends 252 Tips for Materials Preparation 255 Digital Presentation 259 10 Making the Complete Presentation 263 Process and Presentation 267 Organization and Composition 268 Physical Presentations 268 Digital Presentation 273 Beyond the Board and Sheet 284 Graphic Design Components 287 Grids 287 Type 288 Creating Hierarchy 291 Public Speaking and Design Communication 293 Verbal Presentation Basics 296 A Few Words from the Experts 298 Appendix: Color Theory for Rendering 303 Index 305
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