Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins (eBook, ePUB)

Redaktion: Hiskia, Anastasia E.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.; Kaloudis, Triantafyllos; Antoniou, Maria G.; Triantis, Theodoros M.

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources. Consequently, the analysis, control, and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a high priority research area. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on water treatment methods for the removal of cyanobacteria, taste and odor compounds, and cyanotoxins. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins offers chapters on cyanotoxins and human health, conventional physical-chemical treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by membrane processes, biological treatment for the destruction of cyanotoxins, and conventional disinfection and/or oxidation processes. Other chapters look at advanced oxidation processes, removal/destruction of taste and odour compounds, transformation products of cyanobacterial metabolites during treatment and integrated drinking water processes. * Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins * Bridges the gap between basic knowledge of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and practical management guidelines * Includes integrated processes case studies and real-life examples * Developed within the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)-funded CYANOCOST A must-have resource for every water treatment plant, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins is a valuable resource for all researchers in water chemistry and engineering, environmental chemistry as well as water companies and authorities, water resource engineers and managers, environmental and public health protection organizations.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 352
• Erscheinungstermin: 17. Juli 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118928660
• Artikelnr.: 59905220

Autorenporträt

Anastasia E. Hiskia, is Research Director at the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research ???Demokritos,??? Athens, Greece. Theodoros M. Triantis, is Senior Researcher at the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research ???Demokritos,??? Athens, Greece. Maria G. Antoniou, is Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus. Triantafyllos Kaloudis, is head of the Organic Micropollutants Laboratory of the Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company, EYDAP SA, Greece. Dionysios D. Dionysiou, is Professor of Environmental Engineering and Science in the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xi

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xix

1 Introduction to Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins 1
Armah A. de la Cruz, Neill Chernoff, James L. Sinclair, Donna Hill, Deacqunita L. Diggs, and Arthur T. Lynch

1.1 An Overview of Cyanobacteria 1

1.1.1 Evolution and Worldwide Occurrence 2

1.1.2 Physical Characteristics 3

1.1.3 Metabolites of Cyanobacteria 6

1.2 General Environmental Impact: Ecological and Human Health Effects 6

1.2.1 Climate Change and Water Demand 7

1.2.2 Risk to Humans from Cyanobacterial Toxins 8

1.3 Health Effects of Cyanotoxins 8

1.3.1 Sources and Routes of Exposure in Humans and Animals 8

1.3.2 Hepatotoxins: Microcystins, Nodularins 9

1.3.3 Cytotoxin: Cylindrospermopsins 10

1.3.4 Neurotoxins: Anatoxin-a, Anatoxin-a(s), Homoanatoxin-a, Saxitoxins 10

1.3.5 Irritant and Dermal Toxins: Lipopolysaccharides, Lyngbyatoxins, Aplysiatoxins 11

1.3.6 Gill-Bearing Vertebrate Toxins: Euglenophycin, Prymnesins 12

1.3.7 Mixtures, Bioaccumulation, and Unknown Toxins 13

1.4 Current Guidelines for Cyanotoxins 14

1.4.1 WHO Microcystin-LR Provisional Drinking Water Guideline Value 14

1.4.2 National Cyanotoxin Drinking Water Regulations or Guideline Values 15

1.4.3 National Regulation of Unspecified Harmful Substances 17

1.4.4 Non-national Cyanotoxin Drinking Water Guideline Values 17

1.4.5 United States Cyanotoxin Drinking Water Guideline Values 17

1.5 Taste and Odor Compounds Related to Cyanobacteria 18

1.6 Management Strategies of Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, and Related Compounds in Water Treatments 19

References 21

2 Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, and Human Health 37
Geoffrey A. Codd, Emanuela Testai, Enzo Funari, and Zorica Svir ev

2.1 Introduction 37

2.2 Exposure Routes, Exposure Media, and Human Health 39

2.2.1 Drinking Water 40

2.2.2 Diet 40

2.2.3 Bathing and Recreational Waters 42

2.2.4 Aerosols 42

2.2.5 Terrestrial Cyanobacteria 42

2.2.6 Human Gut Colonization Hypothesis 43

2.3 Cyanobacterial Cells and Cyanotoxins as Human Health Hazards and Risks 43

2.3.1 Hepatotoxins 44

2.3.2 Cytotoxins 46

2.3.3 Neurotoxins 47

2.3.4 LPS Endotoxins 48

2.3.5 Reference Values for Cyanotoxins and WHO Guidelines 49

2.3.6 Further Sources of Risk to Human Health 50

2.3.7 Data Gaps and Research Needs 51

2.4 Reported Investigations of Roles of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Human Health Incidents 52

2.4.1 Raw (Untreated) Water 52

2.4.2 Treated Water 54

2.4.3 Aerosols and Dust 56

2.4.4 Food and Dietary Supplements 56

2.5 Recognition and Reporting of Role(s) of Cyanobacteria/Cyanotoxins in Health Incidents 57

2.6 Role of Human Health Incidents in Contributing to Cyanobacterial and Cyanotoxin Risk Management Policies 58

2.7 Importance of Contingency Plans and Outreach Activities 58

References 59

3 Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by Conventional Physical-chemical Treatment 69
Margarida Ribau Teixeira, Maria João Rosa, Sabrina Sorlini, Michela Biasibetti, Christophoros Christophoridis, and Christine Edwards

3.1 Introduction 69

3.2 Chemical Treatment 71

3.2.1 Copper-based Algicides 71

3.2.2 Other Metal-based Algicides 72

3.2.3 Photosensitizers 72

3.2.4 Herbicides 74

3.2.5 Algicides Derived from Natural Compounds 75

3.3 Coagulation an