Patrick Killelea

Web Performance Tuning (eBook, ePUB)

Speeding up the Web

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

As long as there's been a Web, people have been trying to make it faster. The maturation of the Web has meant more users, more data, more features, and consequently longer waits on the Web. Improved performance has become a critical factor in determining the usability of the Web in general and of individual sites in particular.Web Performance Tuning, 2nd Edition is about getting the best possible performance from the Web. This book isn't just about tuning web server software; it's also about streamlining web content, getting optimal performance from a browser, tuning both client and server hardware, and maximizing the capacity of the network itself.Web Performance Tuning hits the ground running, giving concrete advice for quick results -- the "e;blunt instruments"e; for improving crippled performance right away. The book then shifts gears to give a conceptual background of the principles of computing performance. The latter half of the book examines each element of a web transaction -- from client to network to server -- to find the weak links in the chain and show how to strengthen them.In this second edition, the book has been significantly expanded to include:New chapters on Web site architecture, security, reliability, and their impact on performanceDetailed discussion of scalability of Java on multi-processor serversPerl scripts for writing web performance spiders that handle logins, cookies, SSL, and moreDetailed instructions on how to use Perl DBI and the open source program gnuplot to generate performance graphs on the flyCoverage of rstat, a Unix-based open source utility for gathering performance statistics remotelyIn addition, the book includes many more examples and graphs of real-world performance problems and their solutions, and has been updated for Java 2.This book is for anyone who has waited too long for a web page to display, or watched the servers they manage slow to a crawl. It's about making the Web more usable for everyone.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: O'Reilly Media
• Seitenzahl: 482
• Erscheinungstermin: 19. März 2002
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781491950692
• Artikelnr.: 44008235

Autorenporträt

Patrick Killelea currently works for a major on-line brokerage, but he won't say which one. He spends his days writing monitoring and load testing tools, and proclaiming the web to the be the one true front end because of its simplicity, portability, and performance. He thinks Microsoft is not to be trusted with your back end. Patrick knows there are huge web performance improvements yet to be realized using the details of existing open protocols. He is a fan of T/TCP and hopes one day to set up a connection and deliver an entire web page all in a single packet. Patrick spends his evenings playing with his wife and kids, and is interested in etymologies, obscure religions, and pan-seared salmon with mixed greens and a nice merlot. He likes to get e-mail about web and Java performance issues. Please visit his web site at patrick.net.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface
What Is This Book Good For?
Audience for This Book
Assumptions of This Book
How This Book Is Organized
Font Conventions
How to Contact Us
Web Site Updates and Code Examples
Other Books and Resources
Disclaimer
Acknowledgments for the Second Edition
Preliminary Considerations
Chapter 1: The Quick and the Dead
1.1 Questions for the Browser Side
1.2 Questions for the Server Side
1.3 Key Recommendations
Chapter 2: Web Site Architecture
2.1 Trade-offs
2.2 Elements
2.3 Example Web Site Architectures
2.4 Trends
2.5 Sample Configurations
2.6 Key Recommendations
Chapter 3: Capacity Planning
3.1 Do the Math . . .
3.2 . . . But Trust Your Eyes More than the Math
3.3 Questions to Ask
3.4 How Much Bandwidth Do You Need?
3.5 How Fast a Server Do You Need?
3.6 How Much Memory Do You Need?
3.7 Key Recommendations
Chapter 4: Performance Monitoring
4.1 Parameters of Performance
4.2 Latency and Throughput
4.3 Utilization
4.4 Efficiency
4.5 Monitoring Web Performance Using Perl
4.6 Automatically Generating Monitoring Scripts Using Sprocket
4.7 Using a Relational Database to Store and Retrieve Your Monitoring Data
4.8 Monitoring Machine Utilization with rstat
4.9 Monitoring Per-Process Statistics
4.10 Generating Graphs from ps Data
4.11 Monitoring Other Things
4.12 Making a System Dashboard Web Page
4.13 Key Recommendations
Chapter 5: Load Testing
5.1 Load Test Preparation
5.2 Trade-offs with Load Testing Tools
5.3 Writing Your Own Load Testing Tools
5.4 Benchmark Specifications and Benchmark Tests
5.5 Other Resources
5.6 Key Recommendations
Chapter 6: Performance Analysis
6.1 Using analysis.cgi to Find a Bottleneck
6.2 Snooping HTTP with Sprocket
6.3 Look at Connections
6.4 Log File Analysis
6.5 Hits per Second
6.6 A Few More Tips
6.7 Key Recommendations
Chapter 7: Reliability
7.1 Typical Failures
7.2 Dependencies
7.3 Smoothing Outages
7.4 Key Recommendations
Chapter 8: Security
8.1 HTTPS and SSL
8.2 Firewalls
8.3 Bastion Hosts
8.4 chroot
8.5 Key Recomendation
Chapter 9: Case Studies
9.1 Database Table Growing Without Limit
9.2 Reverse DNS Lookups Slows Logging
9.3 Kinked Cable
9.4 Database Connection Pool Growth Limits Performance
9.5 Key Recommendation
Chapter 10: Principles and Patterns
10.1 Principles of Performance Tuning
10.2 Patterns of Performance Improvement
10.3 Key Recommendations
Tuning in Depth
Chapter 11: Browsers
11.1 How Browsers Work
11.2 Types of Browsers
11.3 The Perfect Browser
11.4 Browser Speed
11.5 Browser Tuning Tips
11.6 Non-Browser Web Clients
11.7 Key Recommendations
Chapter 12: Client Operating System
12.1 Microsoft Windows
12.2 Macintosh
12.3 Unix
12.4 Key Recommendations
Chapter 13: Client Hardware
13.1 CPU
13.2 RAM
13.3 Cache
13.4 Bus
13.5 Disk
13.6 Video
13.7 BIOS
13.8 Key Recommendations
Chapter 14: Lines and Terminators
14.1 Forwarding and Latency
14.2 Your Modem, the Information Driveway
14.3 ISDN
14.4 Cable Modems
14.5 xDSL
14.6 Higher Capacity Lines
14.7 Intranets
14.8 Network Modeling Tools
14.9 The Internet
14.10 PTTs
14.11 Key Recommendations
Chapter 15: Network Protocols
15.1 Power and Protocols
15.2 Factors Affecting Network Protocol Performance
15.3 The Protocols of the Web
15.4 Key Recommendations
Chapter 16: Server Hardware
16.1 Box on a Wire
16.2 Good I/O
16.3 Multiple Busses
16.4 Fast Disks
16.5 Lots of Memory
16.6 Scalability
16.7 Network Interface Card
16.8 Bus
16.9 Memory
16.10 RAM Characteristics
16.11 CPU
16.12 Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
16.13 Disk Activity and PID
16.14 Key Recommendations
Chapter 17: Server Operating System
17.1 Unix and the Origin of the Web
17.2 Unix Flavors
17.3 System Calls Versus Library Calls
17.4 Processes and the Kernel
17.5 The Filesystem
17.6 The Windowing System
17.7 Versions and Patches
17.8 Configurable OS Parameters
17.9 Unix OS Monitoring Tools
17.10 System Call Tracers
17.11 Network Snooping Tools
17.12 How Many Connections Can My Server Handle?
17.13 How Many Processes Can My Server Handle?
17.14 How Quickly Can My Server Fork New Processes?
17.15 Unix Versus NT as the Web Server OS
17.16 The Exokernel
17.17 Key Recommendations
Chapter 18: Server Software
18.1 The Evolution of Web Servers
18.2 System Calls Made by a Web Server
18.3 How Servers Fail
18.4 Configuring Apache and Netscape Web Servers
18.5 Other Servers
18.6 Missing Features
18.7 Proxy Servers
18.8 Hierarchical Caches
18.9 Key Recommendations
Chapter 19: Content
19.1 Size Matters
19.2 As Good As It Gets
19.3 Caching and Differences
19.4 HTML and Compression
19.5 Performance Tips for HTML Authors
19.6 The Document Object Model
19.7 Graphics
19.8 Audio
19.9 Video
19.10 Key Recommendations
Chapter 20: Custom Applications
20.1 Programmers
20.2 CGI Programs
20.3 CGI Internals and Performance Problems
20.4 General CGI Tips
20.5 CGI Language-Specific Optimization Tips
20.6 Daemonize It
20.7 CGI Database Access Performance
20.8 Logging
20.9 NSAPI and ISAPI
20.10 DOM
20.11 JSP, ASP, PHP
20.12 Key Recommendations
Chapter 21: Java
21.1 Java Will Never Be Good Enough for GUI Applications
21.2 Java Is Good Enough for the Server Side
21.3 Performance Problems Intrinsic to Java
21.4 Coding Tips
21.5 Compilers
21.6 Profile Your Code
21.7 Decompilers
21.8 OS-Level Profiling Tools
21.9 JITs
21.10 Static Compilers
21.11 Virtual Machines
21.12 Runtime Options
21.13 Java Chips
21.14 Java Benchmarks
21.15 Web Sites with Java Performance Info
21.16 Key Recommendations
Chapter 22: Databases
22.1 Do You Really Need a Relational Database?
22.2 Performance Tips
22.3 How Many Connections Can Your Database Handle?
22.4 When the Database Is Overloaded
22.5 Analysis
22.6 Key Recommendations
Web Performance Product Lists and Reviews
Problems with Commercial Tools
Monitoring Tools
Load Generation Tools
Preloaders
Network Optimizers
IP Traffic Management Products
Content Compressors
Hybrid Development Tools/Databases
Java Profilers and Optimizers
Caching Services
Professional Services
Load Balancers
Modeling Tools
Colophon