Cheryl Anderson examines the laws relating to women that are found in the Book of the Covenant and the Deuteronomic law. She argues that the laws can be divided into those that treat women similarly to men (defined as "inclusive" laws) and those that treat women differently ("exclusive" laws). This study then suggests that the exclusive laws, which construct gender as male dominance/female subordination, do not just describe violence against women but constitute a form of violence against women. As a non-historical critique of ideology, critical theory is used to offer analytical insights that have significant implications for understanding gender constructions and violence in ot ancient and contemporary settings.